Close Analysis of Rear Window Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Close Analysis of Rear Window - Essay Example He similarly crafts a countless atmosphere, as a bamboo curtain is raised and the yard is exposed, which is what the entire movie orbits around. According to Laura Mulvey, who perceives it radiantly; the look is outlining, however the man is constantly the observer, whereas the lady is the observed. To restatement her thoroughly, movie takes up a males need to clarify, devaluate, and overestimate the lady. Cinemas ought to learn to halt with agreement, to permit the look of the camera into loving objectivity. Jeff spends time observing his neighbors through binoculars. The spectators are literally shown life via Jefferies eyes in the 6 weeks in which he is restrained to a wheelchair. The opening looks out onto a yard and shows a number of unlike openings which are symbolic of diverse traditions of living in U.S in the 1950s.   In the movie the spectators are shown diverse characters and each opening signifies a diverse style of living and extracts of these charismas exists as Jefferies perceives them. Generally, there are 3 core characters in the movie, the 1st, is Jefferies, the 2nd being Jefferies lover named Lisa and the 3rd being Jefferies doctor called Stella. The connections between these key characters change because of the alteration of events which disclose in front of Jefferies when he considers one of the neighbors of which he has been closely following murders his companion. Lisa is embodied as the faultless lady as she is stylish, attractive and a prosperous business lady; in this movie when she is presented, she is constantly denoted faultlessly and lighting is deployed to limitlessly make her spark. She is continuously tremendously fashionable and elegant. When examining the visual organization of â€Å"Rear Window†, there is a corresponding structure in which everybody handling their day-to-day lives. The spectators are even shown persons shaving and picking up calls. This signifies the fact that every opening demonstrates a sneak

Strengths and Limitations of Two Different Kinds of Biography Essay

Strengths and Limitations of Two Different Kinds of Biography - Essay Example The greatest strengths of both works is that the biographers eminently achieve their goals. Southey's eulogy is an artistic success because it never descends into the depths of hagiography. As a "faithful historian" the biographer feels "called upon to pronounce a severe and unqualified condemnation of Nelson's conduct, in " the only blot upon his public character"-his "infatuated attachment" to Lady Hamilton and his summary denial of justice to Prince Francesco Caraccioli, under the influence of that "baneful passion." [He doesn't let the admiration for his subject deter him from pronouncing a "severe and unqualified condemnation" of Nelson's infatuated attachment to Lady Hamilton.] This fairness, regarding a fact in the public domain, actually assists in the fulfillment of Southey's aim of fashioning the eulogy. So there is little [no] reason to question the truth of the narrative, which is to [cause] evoke public admiration and praise of England's national hero. True, some episodes have been considered exaggerated (notably, the encounter with the polar bear), but Nelson 's prestige is still strong even in the twenty-first century. {Clarity and Focus: But the narrative has been questions.

Adaptation of the Fennec Fox to the Desert

Adaptation of the Fennec Fox to the Desert How the fennec fox (Vulpes zedra) has adapted to the desert environment The fennec fox is the smallest member of the Vulpes genus (formally in the Fennecus genus) only weighing 2.2 – 3.3 lbs. It is highly distinguishable by its huge ears measuring 6 inches, and a body length of up to 16 inches. It is a nocturnal animal that stays in its burrow and rests for the hottest parts of the day (The Nature of Wildworks, 2014.). It is a highly social animal and lives in family groups of up to 10 individuals (Fox, 1975). Formerly in the fennecus genus, it was later re-classified into the Vulpes genus which is the main taxonomic group of all foxes. Its geographical range is the north Sahara and Arabian deserts. The fox is under decline due to being hunted for the fur and pet trade which has had significant impacts on the wild species (The Nature of Wildworks, 2014.) The fennec fox has many adaptions to living in a desert environment. These can be broken down into 3 categories; Morphological, Physiological and Behavioural. Morphological Morphological adaptions are changes in the animal’s structure that helps it adapt to the extreme conditions of the Saharan dessert. One of the most significant morphological adaptations that the fennec possesses is its large ears. The ears are used to dissipate heat and maintain the optimum body temperature of the animal (Wathen, et al., 1971). The ear needs to be large to have a large surface area for heat dissipation. The statement that these actually cool the animal is not entirely true, they do not cool the animal and lower its body temperature, but instead maintain the optimum body temperature. In a study on jack rabbits, the ears were found to dissipate nearly 100% of all metabolic heat at air temperatures of only 30Â °C (Wathen, et al., 1971). This is only possible if the temperature of the fox is above the environmental temperature. The ears also play a critical role in nocturnal hunting (Wathen, et al., 1971). The large pinnae of the ear help direct low level sound i nto the ear which gives the fennec acute hearing allowing directional hearing (Ewer, 1973). This is a key adaption for hunting at night due to the low light levels, thus giving the fennec the ability to hunt effectively at night using sound as well as excellent night vision. The feet of the fennec are adapted to walking on the hot sand by having hairs covering their fleshy foot pads (Ewer, 1973). This prevents the foot from actually touching the scolding sand and will prevent injury when the fox is digging its burrow and walking across the hot dessert floor. The front paws are specially designed for digging burrows which the fennecs live and breeds in (Ewer, 1973). The fur of the fennec like most dessert animals is vital to coping with desert life. Not only does this insulate the animal, but studies have shown that the light fur of the animal can also reflect the solar radiation, therefore lessening the impact and reducing the heat load on the animal (Dawson Brown, 1970). This is most true in the fennec fox due to its sandy coloured or sometimes white fur. Meanwhile the thickness of the fur is a protection from the solar radiation of the skin. By creating this barrier, the fur prevents any damage to the skin from direct solar radiation. This is because the fur, as said before, partially reflects the solar radiation while the thicker deeper fur absorbs the heat (Dawson Brown, 1970). The heat absorption also helps the fox survive the freezing dessert nights while it feeds, by preventing the fennecs core body temperature from dropping too low. Physiological Physiological adaptions are changes in the animal’s system processes to enable them to adapt to changes in the environment. These changes enable the fennec to adapt to the extreme environment of the North African deserts. Carnivores, just as the fennec, are found in a number of deserts around the world. A major challenge that these organisms face is the replenishment of water. The fennec gains its water requirements solely from having mostly a carnivorous diet. The fennec, by eating alone, can maintain its water balance for over 100 days without having to drink (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This is done by the fennec having very concentrated urine that uses the least amount of water possible to function. This conserves a vast amount of water and coupled with its very low evaporate loss. Therefore it rivals small desert rodents in its water conservation (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This relates to selective predation and an ability to feed on a wide variety of food stuffs, while being abl e to become more economical with its metabolic water. The adaption of having a low basal metabolic rate is crucial to survival in dessert conditions. The fennec is no exception to this; it has one of the lowest BMRs of all Vulpes species of 60.7 percent (Golightly Ohmart, 1983). This means at rest the fox only uses the minimal amount of water needed to survive. This adaption allows a minimalized endogenous heat load which conserves metabolic water. This saving of water becomes critical in the desert due to the low precipitation levels and therefore having the adaptation of a low BMR helps maintain any dietary water acquired and conserves it. Behavioural Behavioural adaptations are changes in the animals conduct help it survive in a certain environment. Previously, little was known about the fennec foxes diet. It was previously thought that they were primarily insectivores and had barely any variety in their diet. However, a new study has shown that they are actually opportunistic feeders with food items being mostly insects, but it also feeds on small mammals and even plant material (Brahmi, et al., 2012). The study also shows that locality and abundance of food can also change the feeding behaviour of the fennec. This adaption is critical to the survival of any dessert animals. The ability to feed on many different food sources opens up many more niches and availability for the animal to survive and feed (Brahmi, et al., 2012). Panting is an adaption that requires short shallow respiration and is solely used in heat dissipation. Panting makes use of evaporative cooling of the mouth, lung and nasal mucosa. This is a very effective way of cooling down without having to sweat. This main advantage over sweating is that in sweating there is salt loss, while in panting there is not (Vaughn, et al., 2000). This is key to the survival of the fennec because of the shortage of food; therefore the fennec cannot regain the salt quicker than the animal uses up. If the fennec sweated this could become a huge problem, so it has overcome this problem by making use of the more efficient panting for heat dissipation (Vaughn, et al., 2000). Fennec fox families live and thrive in burrows; these help counteract the daily effects of high temperature and low humidity of the desert days. They provide shelter from sun exposure and the highest temperatures of the dessert day. A study in tortoises shows that burrows provide a great place to refuge in a desert environment. The study showed that the burrow at 10:00 -12:00 hrs had much higher humidity and lower temperature than the external environment (Bulova, 2002). This lowers the total evaporate water loss which helps the animal, in this case the fennec, conserve metabolic water, which is key to desert survival. Fennecs therefore make use of the much more stable and milder environment inside the burrow. This helps shelter the fennec from extreme conditions and helps conserve water. This is due to the soil temperature maintaining stability no matter what the conditions are outside. The burrow controls the internal environment due to the thermal insulating properties of the soil (Reichman Smith, 1990). Therefore the burrow is cooler during the day and warmer during the freezing desert nights. Conclusion To conclude there are many adaptations the fennec has; may that be morphological, physiological and behavioural. The adaptations are a necessity to survive in such an extreme climate, such as the dessert; with high heat loads during the day, freezing temperatures in the night, food and water sources are scarce. The adaptions that the fennec utilises all boil down to protection from the incredible temperature change in the dessert, by having large ears to dissipate heat and fur that can reflect but also absorb the heat. This gives protection from solar radiation during the day, and insulation during the night. The other main reason for having many complex adaptations is to conserve water. The fennec’s metabolic water level is maintained by having a low BMR which uses less water in metabolic activity at rest, and also the concentrated urine which reduces the loss of water via waste. In my mind the fennec fox is perfectly adapted to cope with the extremes of desert life, by contr olling its water conservation and body temperature. Word count: 1,508 References: Brahmi, K. et al., 2012. First quantitative data on the diet of the fennec fox, Vulpes zerda (Canidae, Carnivora), in Algeria. Folia Zoologica, 61(1), pp. 61-70. Bulova, j., 2002. How temperature, humidity, and burrow selection affect evaporative water loss in desert tortoises. Journal Of Thermal Biology, 27(3), pp. 175-189. Dawson, T. Brown, G., 1970. Comparison Of The Insulative AndReflective Properties Of The Fur of Desert Kangaroos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Volume 37, pp. 23-28. Ewer, R., 1973. The Carnivores. 1st ed. s.l.:weidenfeld and nicolson. Fox, M., 1975. The Wild Canids Their Systematics, Behavioural Ecology and Evolution. 1st ed. s.l.:Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. Golightly, R. Ohmart, R., 1983. Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: cototes and kit foxes. Journal of Mammalogy, 64(4), pp. 624-635. The Nature of Wildworks. 2014. The Nature of Wildworks. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.natureofwildworks.org/species.html#ffox. [Accessed 12 February 2014]. Reichman, O. Smith, S., 1990. Burrows And Burrowing Behavior By Mammals. Current Mammalogy, pp. 197-224. Vaughn, t., Ryan, J. Czaplewski, N., 2000. Mammology. 4th ed. s.l.:Saunders college publishing. Wathen, P., Mitchell, J. Porter, W., 1971. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Energy Exchange from Jackrabbit Ears and Cylindrically Shaped Appendages. Biophysical Journal, 11(12), pp. 1030-1047. Harvard – Anglia 2008

Transculturation Essay example -- Literature Poem Africa Essays

Transculturation A familiar lesson in elementary history might be that a conquered people will generally acculturate into the dominant culture of their conquerors. However, the process of how these two cultures interact is often not that simple. For example, the term transculturation was coined in the 1940s by sociologist Fernando Oritz to describe the process by which a conquered people choose and select what aspects of the dominant culture they will assume (Pratt 589). Unlike acculturation, transculturation recognizes the power of the subordinate culture to create its own version of the dominant culture. In an essay entitled, "The Arts of the Contact Zone," author Mary Louise Pratt argues that transculturation does not have to be confined to the social spaces where disparate cultures intersect; it can be extended to everyday situations, such as the classroom. However, though Pratt recognizes that transculturation can take place on a very personal level, she still fails to discuss the emotional natu re of transculturation. An analysis of Derek Walcott's poem, "A Far Cry from Africa," using scholar Homi Bhabha's concept of "mimicry" will give a deeper understanding of Pratt's vision of transculturation by redefining it as a process of personal struggle by which each individual in a subordinate group is moved to choose and select which aspects of the dominant culture he or she will assume. "A Far Cry From Africa" is the story of a man half African and half English, who is witnessing the death and destruction of his homeland resulting from the English colonization of South Africa. In his description he does not, however, favor one side over the other, but focuses rather on the injustices of both cultures. At the end of the po... ... Works Cited Bhabha, Homi. "From 'Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse' in the Location of Culture, pp. 85-92." Stanford Presidential Lectures and Symposia in the Humanities and Arts. 02 March 2000. 15 September 2000. <http:// prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bhabha/biblio.html>. Bradley, Heather M. "Conflicting Loyalties in 'A Far Cry from Africa'". Literature of the Caribbean. The Scholarly Technology Group, Washington and Lee University. 1997. 15 September 2000. <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/post/caribbean/walcott/ bradley2.html>. Pratt, Mary Louise. "Arts of the Contact Zone". Ways of Reading. Ed. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. 5th ed. Boston: St. Martin's, 1999. 582-596. Walcott, Derek. "A Far Cry from Africa". Derek Walcott Collected Poems 1948-1984. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1986. 17-18.

Cheating in Sports Essay

Cheating occurs everywhere. Somebody right now in a classroom, baseball park, football field, basketball court, or a workplace is secretly cheating to be one step ahead of his competition at all times. Some say it is the nature of competition that arises these cheaters, but others believe it is the enormous amount of pressure that is put on these athletes. Although many current athletes secretly follow the cheating paths of Barry Bonds and Lance Armstrong to excel in their respective sports, they fail to realize the culture of cheating changes the way people look at the sport. Performance enhancing drugs are used by professional athletes to improve their efficiency. Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, increases testosterone in the body and helps athletes recover from injuries quicker and most importantly it promotes muscle growth. Steroids quickly transforms these athletes to superstars who continually break records with relative ease. With the expectations of fans nowadays on these athletes, winning has become more important than being loyal to the game. Remember, this is their career that these athletes are putting in jeopardy but many forget that and look at the high risk high reward, with the high reward being the millions of dollars they will receive for being the top performer. The use of these steroids have become a major concern for the United States Anti Doping Agency because these athletes and trainers are always finding different ways to get passed the testing system. What convinces these athletes that cheating is fair? Is it the trainers who amaze these athletes by showing the freakish results they can achieve by using steroids? Are they intrigued by the millions of dollars a Most Valuable Player award surely will translate. Is it the will and determination to win every game? Some will cheat just to stop their rivals from achieving greatness. Arguably one of the greatest baseball players of all time Barry Bonds is one of the biggest cheaters in sports history. A major league baseball player for twenty one years for the Pittsburgh Pirates and mainly the San Francisco Giants, Bonds holds numerous records including Most home runs of all time, single season home run record, seven Most Valuable Player awards, four consecutive, and many more. Bonds started his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates where he was a slim speedy outfielder with moderate power. He single handedly led the Pirates to several deep playoff runs but he just could not get his team over the hump of winning the championship. In 1993 Bonds left the Pirates to join the Giants on at that time the highest paid contract in baseball. In San Francisco, he became one of the best sluggers in history. Each year fans expected him to be in the final voting for the Most Valuable Player award and Bonds did exactly that. Throughout his years it became noticeable how his body physique was drastically changing. Barry Bonds transformed from a moderate powerful batter combined with speed to steal bases into a bodybuilder body that took pleasure in abusing opposing star pitchers. Since 2003, Barry Bonds’ name has been a key figure in the BALCO scandal. Just like any athlete he denied that the use of performance enhancing drugs were the reason why he had such a career. In 2007, he was indicted because he allegedly lied under oath in court about his involvement with steroids. During this scandal there were many allegations that proved Bonds had failed drug tests back in 2001 and 2000 after having his most productive seasons. These paperwork showed that even his trainer at the time, Greg Anderson, was indicted by the grand jury for distributing anabolic steroids to many of his baseball clients. Even with all of this information, Barry Bonds denied and said the change of his body was not because of steroids but a strict diet and workout program. He was convicted on April 13, 2011 on the obstruction of justice charge for trying to avoid a question when asked under oath. Although his sentence did not include prison time, he lost every ounce of respect from h is beloved fans and his complete career now has an asterisk next to it. With the evolution of steroids in baseball it may be inevitable before every athlete is cheating. You may think if everyone used steroids the game would be more entertaining with more home runs and action packed games, but fail consider the health risks these drugs have. The use of these drugs are not accidental they are used to gain an advantage over the opponent. If every athlete was using drugs it would be natural for them to knowingly increase the dosage and potentially damage their bodies fatally. Easily the most dangerous cheater of all time goes to the cyclist by the name of Lance Armstrong. Mr. Armstrong is a cancer survivor and 7 time Tour de France winner. At age 25 he was diagnosed with cancer and had immediate surgery and chemotherapy to save his life. Doctors said that Lance Armstrong had less than a 40% chance of survival during this stage in his life. Despite all of this he remained focused on his secret doping to make a return to the sport of cycling and he did just that. Lance came back to win 5 more Tour De France titles and went down as the best cyclist of all time. For much of his career many doubted that Lance Armstrong could achieve all of this without the use of some type of performance enhancing drugs. Just like Barry Bonds, Lance Armstrong worked with a controversial trainer who was linked to distributing steroids. Armstrong continued to deny every single true allegation that was thrown at him by using the excuse that he had passed over 600 drug tests throughout his career. Then came the USADA investigation in 2011-2012 that accused him of not only using steroids but trafficking drugs based testimonies that were submitted by former teammates and friends. He was accused of putting pressure on his teammates to take steroids to make sure the team would win the Tour de France. Lance Armstrong turned out to be the biggest bully in sports history because he would sue every person that allegedly said he took performance enhancing drugs. He lied continuingly in court and took the money of these people who were speaking the truth. These people were his teammates and friends that were there for him when he had cancer. In January 2013 Lance Armstrong finally came clean and admitted to Oprah Winfrey in a television interview that he was guilty of using all the drugs he was accused of taking. The scariest part of the interview was when he said at the time he felt like there was nothing wrong with what he was doing because everybody else cheated also so it felt like fair game. After all these cruel years of lying, cheating, and tainted titles, Lance Armstrong has rightfully been banned from participating in sports. In conclusion, there is nobody out there that can stop these grown male and female athletes worldwide to stop cheating and play the game how its supposed to be played. There is no doubt, however, that all this increased cheating has tainted every sports’ reputation and all time records mean nothing now. The only solution that could combat the cheaters is to give out lifelong bans for positive cheating tests. Nowadays the only penalty these players receive is a lengthy suspension, but by the time these athletes have been caught the outcome of the games and records have been broken.

Outcome based education

Memoranda E. Local Title: Outcome-based Education: A Reaction Paper Outcome-based education is simply referred to student-centered learning methods that focuses on the student itself. The student would make a demonstration of the skills they had learned. It is different in traditional nursing wherein OBEY does not require a particular style of teaching.The student is open to use any kind of method they are comfortable with for learning. For a nursing student, it is very agreeable on my part to use the OBEY system and/or incorporate it to the traditional curriculum the students are familiar with. Nursing students are required to do return demonstrations to assess their competencies and the OBEY can be used for the students' benefit. It would be unwise, in my humble opinion, to eradicate the traditional method and be replaced by the outcome-based education.OBEY has been considered as a modern teaching strategy/curriculum and if the traditional methods had been totally replaced, there w ould be difficulties on the part of the professor handling the abject, especially if said professor is not actually young by age, but young by heart. The best possible solution that I am leaning myself into is to wean the traditional curriculum and slowly incorporate the outcome-based education so as to both professors and students won't have the shock in the new set up.If that plan goes successful, the it would be much better for two curriculums both old and new, merge into a single but much better off education system. The OBEY is still on the process of acceptance by different nursing schools and universities for it has not been openly used by faculties alike. It is but a reminder that the OBEY is still new and that it is very normal if few schools are using it on their student education.As the saying goes, old habits die hard, it is still on the process of usage and further recommendation. There is no perfect curriculum that can be used and be subjected to students. As I have sa id before, the OBEY is an interesting program that can be used to nursing schools because it submits to returns demonstrations and such. No door shall be closed in using this type of modernity.