The Plea for the Chimpanzees

In the story â€Å"The Plea for the Chimpanzees† by Jane Goodall, Jane composes of an individual encounter on her visit to a testing community where they utilize different primates to test items, one being chimpanzees. She was extremely annoyed with what she had seen during her visit. Chimpanzees were being dealt with unpleasantly during and subsequent to being tried. Their everyday environments were not what she would have believed them to be. They were very more regrettable. They had next to no a public activity with different chimpanzees or even humans.I think on the off chance that we are going to utilize chimps to test items or infuse them with our significant sicknesses, at that point the least we can do is give back a smidgen of opportunity to run and play in a shut, safe condition and offer some empathy and love to these creatures who are helping us discover remedies for the genuine infections we are battling each day. It is demonstrated that if the chimpanzees were wi thin the sight of confided in guardians, who are comprehension of creature conduct, and committed, they would respond to medicines without being awkward. At the Stanford Primate Center in California, various chimpanzees were instructed to broaden their arms for the drawing of blood. Consequently they were given a food reward. † (Page 369) We ought to give cherishing and conveying staff to the chimpanzees.If the staff were all the more mindful, at that point it will improve their activity so much and simpler to test the chimps. In the event that the tried Chimpanzees were acquainted with adoring parental figure to cooperate with or even a chimp who was infused with a similar sickness, it would help with the serious issue of chimpanzees going crazy by disconnection. An adolescent, for instance, can be dealt with when within the sight of a confided in human companion. Tests have demonstrated that youthful chimps respond with elevated levels of misery whenever exposed to gentle el ectric stuns when alone, yet show basically no dread or agony when held by a thoughtful overseer. † (Page 369) Along with caring staff, the chimps ought to be allowed the chance to have a sterile and safe play room. The chimps ought to be furnished with clean and safe playing hardware. An assortment of straightforward toys and protests and be furnished with little expense. It wouldn’t cost a great deal of cash to give joy to the creatures that have no freedom.They additionally ought to be given a toy that could assist them with feeling good, for example, a little cover or squishy toy that can be cleaned without any problem. Offering these articles can assist chimpanzees with melancholy, and furthermore help in the event that one chimp must be segregated from any cooperation from people or different primates. As I would see it, I feel it is extremely off-base to treat these creatures along these lines. In any case, I know whether we don’t than it would be elusive fixes to our significant sicknesses. However, on the off chance that we are going to remove these animals’ rights and opportunity, the least we can do is give them give it a second thought and love while being tried on.It is exceptionally upsetting to hear how these creatures are secluded in confines that are unreasonably little for them to spread out to extend, or if nothing else be given some warmth. In what manner can their overseers simply kick back and watch the creatures in so much pain or hear their cries, and not give it a second thought? These creatures need the caring help while being jabbed and pushed and removing their wellbeing. In the event that these creatures were given some affection, greater pens and play time, it will significantly change the manner in which the creature respond to treatment and help the guardians with making their activity simpler.

Pressure on Development Land in the South East of England

Weight on Development Land in the South East of England The requirement for reasonable design. Unique The reason for this paper is to examine and assess the weight on improvement land in the South-East of England, and how that weight identifies with the requirement for supportable engineering. The purposes behind there being pressure on improvement land in the South-East of England will be portrayed and investigated, as will any distinctions with different areas of Britain. The purposes behind saving or utilizing the accessible advancement land and why manageable design ought to be received in the South-East of England will be completely assessed. As will be shown there are different and contending factors that clearly increment the strain to utilize all accessible advancement land in the South-East of England. The accessible advancement land in the South-East of England is sought after to be utilized for the development of local lodging, just as for business, recreation, and modern structure programs. To a huge degree focal government and neighborhood specialists have endeavored to control the development of such new structure programs through frameworks of urban arranging, just as building guidelines that have applied over the entire of Britain. The reasons why the South-East of England ought to have a requirement for feasible design will likewise be analyzed inside and out. The case for making all the new development ventures planned around the ideas of maintainable engineering will likewise be analyzed, to examine whether all the more ecologically engaged structure plans will decrease the effect of new development programs , just as diminishing long haul contamination. Presentation Feasible design and the utilization of advancement land are firmly connected with the practices and hypotheses of what structure the premise of urban and rustic arranging, just as thoughts concerning the need for long haul ecological supportability. Urban, and to a lesser degree rustic arranging, turned out to be increasingly across the board in their application all through Britain after 1945, when expanded degrees of focal government intercession were knowledgeable about numerous social and financial fields. Arranging was regarded to be the most ideal method of taking care of Britains lodging issues (Taylor, 1998 p. 3). Expanded degrees of urban and country arranging were defended toward the finish of the Second World War because of the requirement for broad post-war reproduction. The South-East of England when all is said in done, and London specifically had experienced across the board bomb harm, which implied that completely or halfway decimated houses, manufacturing plants, and retail units must be supplanted by all around arranged structures which would be an improvement upon the past structures. In the prompt post-war period it was accepted that a deliberate utilization of town and nation arranging would be fundamental for the remaking of Britain, with an a lot better quality of working to coordinate higher business, the government assistance state, and the National Health Service. The reason for these approaches and organizations was to drag out life and advance great wellbeing all through the entire populace (Meller, 1997 p67). The expanded utilization of urban and country arranging was not proposed to ensure nature in a biological manner, or without a doubt to advance feasible design, rather it was incredibly extended in degree to make the most sound utilization of rare improvement land. Be that as it may, there would be measures embraced which would moderate enormous territories of open country, and give insurance notwithstanding the need to re-house a large number of families in 1945 (Southall, 2000 p. 336). There were bunches that wished to ration explicit regions that upheld uncommon types of creature and vegetation, and even gatherings that wished to protect old chronicled structures, just as structures recognized by their design styles (Meller, 1997 p67). When included such gatherings didn't liken to a natural hall that proposed to change horticultural, design, or mechanical practices to secure the earth. These gatherings nonetheless, had the option to intensely impact the choice to confine urbanizat ion assuming control over the open country. Post-war recreation was the impetus for the biggest projects of freely supported development in Britain. Open consumption was required because of the sheer size of remaking required, with London and the South-East of England being a significant recipient of those projects. Engineering and arranging were utilized for these huge scope programs as opposed to only for singular structures. The inclusion of focal government in the advancing and subsidizing of enormous scope open structure programs and the utilization of advancement land was high until the early piece of the 1970s (Greed, 1996 p. 35). Such wide-running structure programs were not just proposed to supplant the structures pulverized during the Second World War. The post-war building programs were likewise expected to supplant the ghettos in the downtowns of London, Birmingham, Liverpool, just as somewhere else. The development programs were planned to make the South-East of England a substantially more accommodating spot to live in, similarly as the remainder of Britain was additionally expected to resemble (Sheail, 2002 p. 62). New development and remodel of existing houses was a goal, as ‘2 million of them denounced and another 3 million ailing in basics (Southall, 2000 p. 337). The South-East of England likewise profited by the development of new towns, for example, Milton Keynes and Stevenage that were arranged as whole towns with reason constructed household lodging and business premises. The Atlee government was so sharp upon the production of new towns to comprehend the post-war lodging deficiencies tha t it managed such development through the New Town Act of 1946 (Sheail, 2002 p. 62). The development of the New Towns was viewed as basic for both high monetary development and for tackling the national post-war lodging deficiency. The Atlee government viewed the new towns as being profoundly helpful to people groups wellbeing as they moved away from significant urban areas and mechanical territories to places with cleaner air (Meller, 1997 p67). In biological terms such development was hurtful to nature as more land was based upon and it implied a more prominent measure of contamination from traffic outflows, however obviously no one saw such ramifications around then. Enhancements in transport foundation and expanding levels of vehicle proprietorship implied that the new towns were financially reasonable, just as permitting their occupants to drive to the significant urban communities to work in them (Daniels, Bradshaw, Shaw, Sidaway, 2005 p. 147). Urban arranging was in this manner viewed as extremely helpful for the advancement and improvement of London and the South-East of England, which customarily has been the most crowded and prosperous district of Britain. Urban arranging was likewise expected to build the success levels of different districts in Britain to be as high as conceivable to coordinate the levels accomplished in the South-East of England (Southall, 2000 p. 337). Controlled extension of urban territories i nto the new towns was expected to tackle the quick post-war lodging deficiency and resuscitate the British economy, while leaving the incredible majority of the wide open immaculate by new lodging development (Taylor, 1998 p.3). Past enhancements in rural procedures implied that cultivating turned out to be increasingly proficient broadly which had stimulated the pace of urbanization in Britain in general. Urbanization in Britain had just had a solid effect upon the condition that went past the supplanting of the field with dirtying production lines and undesirable ghetto lodging (Southall, 2000, p. 335). Higher harvest yields from less land had the outcome that more land in country regions opened up to be utilized as advancement land. The more noteworthy accessibility of previous agrarian land implied that is was simpler to discover enough land to build new towns or grow existing urban areas across Britain. Urbanization was a procedure that was quickened by the need of modern towns and urban areas to discover laborers to proceed with their development (Goudie Viles, 1997 p. 5). In the first place, most of new homes were customary style houses that framed huge gathering house bequests directly the nation over, in structural terms there was almost no advancement or thought given to making the new lodging stock compositionally practical or naturally well disposed. More consideration was rather committed to making every single new house agreeable, clean, and guaranteeing they were being worked to last (Greed, 1996 p. 35). The new homes were expected to be preferred and bigger over the ones that they had supplanted. Most of huge urban communities and the new towns in Britain had a large number of gathering houses worked in their territories among 1945 and the mid 1970s. In any case, it was a lot harder to discover sufficient measures of advancement land in downtown territories which prompted the structure of skyscraper tower squares which permitted a more noteworthy number of individuals to be housed without expanding the all out territory of the improvement lan d required (Sheail, 2002 p. 62). Lamentably, skyscraper tower squares developed during the 1960s and the 1970s in the South-East of England, just as broadly neglected to be a satisfactory type of long haul and feasible engineering that permitted individuals to be housed in security or solace. The disappointment of numerous skyscraper tower squares to be reasonable types of lodging had the effect of pressing advancement land. It has additionally implied that tower squares have must be restored or all the more every now and again annihilated (Meller, 1997 p. 63). As the image underneath shows the 1950s and the 1960s additionally saw the development of low-ascent loft squares which have end up being longer enduring than tower squares worked during a similar timeframe. The image is of condo pads built in Ham Common in Richmond somewhere in the range of 1955 and 1958 (Frampton,1997 p. 266). In spite of the fact that the measure of new h

Into the Smoke

Into the Smoke I still remember when I first stepped into the arrivals hall at Tel Avivs Ben-Gurion International Airport. It was just past six in the morning and the airport was fairly quiet, being just past sunrise on an unremarkable Monday morning. I had just come off a pair of flights totalling twelve hours and spanning a full calendar day. I was more than 9,000 kilometres from home, more than ten times farther from my parents than I had ever been before. Coming to terms with the fact that this would be my reality for three whole months, I thought to myself: What on Earth am I doing here? That was two years ago. In retrospect, that was just how I felt on my first night in Baker; if I recall correctly, neither of my roommates had even arrived yet. But whatever slight concerns I had toward embarking on that new chapter quickly passed sometime early the following day. Now, I shudder to think of life before MIT, condemned to four years of state-mandated labour. And the apprehension I had in Tel Aviv â€" that too has passed. Before, travelling abroad was breaching my comfort zone; now, being abroad is my comfort zone. Since then, I have travelled to around twenty countries on my own (I suppose if youre bored you can guess a few): Now, Im spending my third consecutive summer interning aboard and approaching the end of an eleven-month stint in the UK, this time working at an engineering firm in London designing airports. Over the past six weeks, I have been researching, simulating, and writing about airports all over the world â€" so far I have worked on projects in Ireland, Oman, Fiji, Ghana, Bulgaria, and the Maldives. Unfortunately, I wont be joining my co-workers on their exotic business trips, but I did get five paid vacation days (ahem, American companies, whats going on?). I used three of those days to go to Norway, depicted in one of the photos above; in the photo, Im with my friend from Norway who I met two years ago in Israel! As several of my friends know, I love airports â€" I have half a mind to spend thirty days in Heathrow and write a book about it (or shoot a documentary, a lv ° 30 Days) â€" so this is essentially a dream come true. This experience also completes a span of organizations â€" in my three summers at MIT, I have worked at a university, a non-profit, and, now, a for-profit company. I still havent interned in a government job (a viable career option in my field), but the breadth of internship opportunities so far has been invaluable. And, of course, it doesnt hurt being in one of most cosmopolitan cities in the world. My five-kilometre commute to work takes a mere twenty minutes by bike, faster than the Underground and way faster than the bus. And along the route, when Im not doing my best to avoid double-decker buses and inattentive taxi drivers, Im treated to a tranquil route through Hyde Park and past Royal Albert Hall. Another great part about being abroad is the milieu of people you meet and get to know. Most of my new friends from the past year are â€" brace yourself â€" British, but this summer, Im sharing a flat with two Canadians, two Frenchmen (is that gender-neutral?), and a Spaniard. As a friend of mine said, its like the G4 (except Spains not in the G20, so its not, but lets not nitpick). New York is a great city, and there has long been a Battle of the Titans between the Big Apple and the Big Smoke (New York clearly wins in the nickname department), but its just so far from everywhere else. By the time you get to Mexico from New York, you could have flown from London over fifty countries and just as many languages. It doesnt help either that getting into New York is so much harder; my Spanish flatmate is trying to get a long-term visa to the U.S. and the first question they asked him on the phone was Have you ever planned to kill the president? Seriously; whos going to answer yes to that question? I personally am close to Edgware Road, a street that has been nicknamed Little Cairo, Little Beirut, Arab Street you get the point; perhaps akin to Chinatown in New York, the vast majority of people you see on Edgware Road are Arab. Nearly all the restaurants on the street are Arab, and many shops and banks â€" even British banks â€" translate their signs and notices into Arabic. Christian and Muslim evangelicals jostle for the same space outside the movie theatre, handing out promotional material in Arabic (but only, of course, if they think you can read it). And, the sidewalks are lined with tourists and locals alike smoking sheesha (although at London, not Cairo and Beirut rates). I dont know what it is, but theres an authenticity in Edgware Road that doesnt exist in New Yorks Chinatown (oh, and lets not even talk about Bostons Chinatown). Advantage: London.

Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay - 1224 Words

Napolean Bonaparte once stated, â€Å"A leader is a dealer in hope.† Hoover and Roosevelt had very different viewpoints on how to handle the Great Depression. Hoover preferred â€Å"rugged individualism,† and FDR preferred â€Å"helping hand† philosophies. Hoover believed in assisting business in hope that this support would create a trickle down impact which would lead to investment and more jobs. FDR, on the other hand, wanted to provide people with jobs to increase confidence and correcting failures in certain economic institutions, leading to a bubble up scenario. It is ironic that Hoover knew how it felt to suffer in poverty as a child, yet FDR better handled the job of reassuring citizens that he was the man to get the nation out of its slump.†¦show more content†¦The Great Depression was a test of will for Hoover, one that proved too difficult for him to manage. His â€Å"rugged individualism† approach failed to stimulate the consumption an d production that was necessary to jump-start the dead economy. Hoover did eventually support some interventionist government programs that aimed at combating the Depression, he feared that government aid would breed a sense of dependence among the poor. Thus, he refused to extend assistance to millions of the nation’s unemployed and hungry who were overwhelming private relief agencies. In the public eye, Hoover appeared uncaring and unwilling to admit that the people of the U.S. were starving and that his ideas and philosophies were failing miserably. He lost significant public support. In 1932, Hoover ran for reelection, anxious to prove that his policies could still revolutionize the economic crisis. Nonetheless, the Americans were captivated by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal. The New Deal vaguely promised a crusade to restore America to its own people. Roosevelt won, with an unprecedented majority. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Though Hoover’s reputation is forever tarnished in the public’s view, it has risen over time. Though he is no longer blamed for causing the Depression, Hoover’s efforts to combat its aftermath were pathetic. He portrayed himself as an efficient engineer, a successful self-made man, a careful businessman, and aShow MoreRelatedFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay577 Words   |  3 Pagesfuture seemed unclear. His name was Franklin D. Roosevelt, a man whose willingness to build the economy of his country as the most powerful nation, brought admiration not only among his fellow American citizens, but the rest of the world’s. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on 1882 in Hyde Park, NY. Campobello, the Canadian Island which lies between Maine and Nova Scotia in the Bay of Fundy was the playground of F.D.R.’s early years. In Campobello is where FDR met his future wife Eleanor at theRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s program of relief, recovery, and reform that aimed at solving the economic problems created by the Depression of the 1930’s, was referred to as the New Deal. The Great Society was the name given to the domestic program of the U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson. Both programs had similar yet opposing points. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Something had to be done about the banking system disintegration, andRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most amazing men in U.S. history. FDR was the only president700 Words   |  3 Pages Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most amazing men in U.S. history. FDR was the only president to run for four terms. He had a wife kids and a mother who he lived with he was also the only president who was paralyzed from the waist down. He was elected president in November 1932 for his first four year term. In the first 100 days of his presidency would become his most famous ones. During the first 100 days he created a alphabet soup of government agencies such as the CCC, the WPA, and theRead More Axelrod’s Quotations of Franklin Roosevelt in ‘Nothing to Fear: Lessons in Leadership from FDR’532 Words   |  2 Pagesmade Theodore Roosevelt. However Axelrods quotes and points are often valid in his paper ‘Nothing to Fear: Lessons in Leadership from FDR’. Axelrod’s points are proved valid for three reasons: (1) Axelrod talks about Roosevelt had polio; (2) Axelrod quoted multiple sources to help the audience to further understand what Roosevelt was saying, (3) Axelrod use quotation in appropriate ways. In Axelrod’s essay ‘Nothing to Fear: Lessons in Leadership from FDR’ he talks about how Roosevelt had Polio. PolioRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesan inspiration to me other young women around the globe. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States and is arguably one of the greatest presidents and leaders in United States history. Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only American president to be elected to four terms and since then there has been an Amendment passed that says no person should serve more than two terms in office. During his time in office, Roosevelt presided over two of the most significant events of the twentiethRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was our nations thirty second president. Unlike all the other presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first ame ndment, handled the attack on PearlRead MoreA Brief Look at Franklin Delano Roosevelt1080 Words   |  4 PagesAsians, men and women, etc. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30th, 1882 to James and Sara Roosevelt in New York. When FDR was fourteen years old, his parents sent him to Groton School, an exclusive private school that educated sons of some of the most wealthy and powerful American families (millercenter.org), where he was never popular amongst the other students. After graduating, Roosevelt went on to Harvard College in 1900. After his father passed away, Roosevelt pursued social status ratherRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt s First 100 Days1396 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Pfiffner May 4, 2017 Term Paper Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s First 100 Days The Great Depression was one of the biggest economic downfalls of the United States in its history. One man changed the direction of the country by working diligently to bring the United States out of this depression. His personality, charisma, and ability to overcome his own suffering brought life back into a country who was divested by the Great Depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, came up with a package of policyRead MoreFDR: The Greatest President Essay example1174 Words   |  5 PagesFDR: The Greatest President Who was the greatest president of the United States? There have been many great presidents in the history of the U.S. Many presidents have led our country through very trying times. Some people believe Lincoln was the greatest president. However, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt led our country at times when a great leader was needed. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the greatest president of the United States because of his New Deal, his great leadership skills, and hisRead MoreFDR Inaugural Address817 Words   |  3 PagesFDR Inaugural Address Speech Analysis Essay In arguably one of the most powerful of American political addresses ever given, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt argues that, â€Å"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself’, and that in order to restore America to its pre-depression state, the American people must believe that he can lead them through the Great Depression, so long as they appoint him the wartime executive powers required to handle the situation effectively. Roosevelt emphasizes the

The Importance of Themes in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place...

â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place†, a short story written by Ernest Hemingway first appeared in a collection of short stories titled, Winner Take Nothing. Soon after the collection of stories had been published in 1933, â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place quickly became one of Hemingways most eulogized short stories. Through his excellent use of character development, Hemingway provides the reader with a lively portrayal of theme, plot, and symbolism throughout the entire piece. We are taken through a journey as we learn of an Old man who sits at a cafe alone at night. The Old man is deaf, and had recently tried to commit suicide although he is a pleasant customer; the two waiters must watch him to ensure that he doesnt get too drunk, because he†¦show more content†¦He continues to think to himself after the Younger waiter leaves, that he doesn’t like bars and that he doesnt like loud music either. He seems to be questioning himself and wonders what he is afraid of. He says two prayer’s substituting â€Å"Nada† meaning â€Å"nothing† in Spanish for a few very powerful words. â€Å"Our nada who are in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada.† After reciting this prayer he finds himself at a bar, ironically he doesn’t like bars and he mentions to the bartender who lacks persona that the bar is not clean. He realizes that he will soon be home, to fall asleep as the sun comes rises. He finds himself telling the reader that he has insomnia which is a common problem, most likely because he is afraid of admitting that he has a much larger problem. We come to realize that the Older waiter sees himself in the Old man who comes into the cafe, which explains why he has such compassion and understanding as to why the Old man stays at the cafe late at night. The Older waiter’s character also allows us to see the meaning of despair. It is the despair that brings him and others to find peace in the cafe, by telling the reader that it is â€Å"nothing†. If it weren’t for the development of such characters we would not be able to find this strength in the the theme of theShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Essay : Dead Man s Path By Chinua Achebe And A Clean, Well Lighted Place1337 Words   |  6 Pagestake the word analytical it is asking you to analyze the literature. I will be taking a deeper look into three different short stories. Two of my favorite short stories this semester were Dead Man s Path† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† By Ernest Hemingway. My third choice was a short sto ry by Viginia Woolf called â€Å"A Haunted House.† â€Å"Dead Man’s Path† was written by a man named Chinua Achebe who was a devout christian. He was very talented and began learning English by the age ofRead MoreEssay about A Clean Well Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway641 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† was written in 1933, by Ernest Hemingway. The main characters in the story are two waiters, one old, one young and an older man who is their customer in the cafà © on the evening the story takes place. There are three main elements of style portrayed in the short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.† The elements of imagery, symbolism and irony, are illustrated throughout the short story, in turn leading to the theme of despair. ImageryRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephants And A Clean Well Lighted Place 2195 Words   |  9 PagesMathew Muller ENG 215 Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway has this uncanny, yet, clear and distinctive writing style, that has made him a successful author and a means of many criticisms. One critic in particular, David M. Wyatt, says that Hemingway has a way of making the beginning of his stories â€Å"raise the very specter of the end against which they are so concerned to defend.† (Wyatt). In his two short stories, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"A Clean-Well Lighted Place, Hemingway draws out this uncannyRead More Comparing F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesComparing F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway, though both evolved from the same literary time and place, created their works in two very dissimilar writing styles which are representative of their subject matter. The two writers were both products of the post-WWI lost generation and first gained notoriety as members of the American expatriate literary community living in Paris during the 1920s. Despite this underlying fact which influencedRead MoreWhat Lies Beneath: The Meaning Beneath the Surface of Ernest Hemingways Work3267 Words   |  13 Pagesthe freezing waters, but instead the unseen structure twice its size that lurked beneath the surface. Ernest Hemingway does the same thing to his readers that the iceberg did to the titanic. In Hemingway’s writing it is undeniably what lies beneath the surface, what remains unsaid, that truly shakes the reader to their core. Like other American writers, such as Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, Ernest Hemmingway worked as a journalist before beginning his career in literature. As a rule, journalistsRead More The Rise and Fall of Existentialism1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise and Fall of Existentialism   Ã‚  Ã‚   Existential literature often focuses on the personal journey towards existential awareness. Common themes in existential works, such as alienation and confrontation with death, often lead the anti-hero towards a climactic choice that defines whether they have reached true understanding. The themes within existential literature are reflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy. Read MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pages– English - related material English HSC 2009 - 2012 is Belonging. What does belonging mean? From the Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: belong, verb, 1) to be rightly put into a particular position or class; 2) fit or be acceptable in a particular place or environment; 3) belong to be a member of; 4) belong to be the property or possession of. Belonging, noun, affiliation, acceptance, association, attachment, integration, closeness, rapport, fellow feeling, fellowship. Antonym: alienate, verb 1) cause

Overview and Criticisms of Andragogy Free Essays

Andragogy, the art and scientific discipline of learning grownups, is based on a set of nucleus premises about why and how grownups learn. The first premise is that grownups are autonomous ( Knowles, 1984 ) . As a consequence, grownups learn best when their acquisition procedure can be autonomous, instead than centered in a traditional, dependent educational environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview and Criticisms of Andragogy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, grownups have both a greater figure of experiences from which to larn and a wider assortment of experiences upon which they can pull ( Knowles, 1984 ) . Third, grownup function development plays an of import portion in spurring acquisition in grownups ( Knowles, 1984 ) . For illustration, as a individual ages and takes on new functions such as that of a attention supplier to a kid or an aged parent, that person has the demand to larn new accomplishments. A 4th premise is that, because grownup acquisition is straight related to adult development, grownup acquisition is focused on work outing jobs or executing new undertakings ( Knowles, 1984 ) . Finally, Knowles ( 1984 ) assumes that grownups are chiefly driven by internal incentives and non external forces. Criticisms of Andragogy Both Lee ( 2003 ) and Sandlin ( 2005 ) describe multiple reviews of Knowles ‘ ( 1984 ) five premises. Lee ( 2003 ) challenges andragogy on the footing that it falsely incorporates the importance of context. Harmonizing to Lee ( 2003 ) , andragogy is an individualistic construct, concentrating merely on the context a learner brings from his or her ain experiences. Andragogy fails to see that the person does non be in a vacuity and that persons have many individualities that may â€Å" impact their positions of acquisition and ways of battle in the acquisition procedure † ( Lee, 2003, p. 12 ) . Sandlin ( 2005 ) undertook an integrative literature reappraisal that found that critical theoreticians found andragogy to be missing in five major and interconnected ways. First, andragogy dainties education as a impersonal, nonpolitical activity. Second, the full construct is based on a â€Å" generic † scholar who tends to be white, male, and in-between category. Third, andragogy appears to value merely one manner of knowing and ignores voices that do non suit into the theory. Fourth, the construct is about wholly individualistic, disregarding the importance of context. Finally, andragogy does non dispute the prevalent societal construction, even if that societal construction promotes inequality ( Sandlin, 2005 ) . My Premises In developing my ain premises for andragogy, I have incorporated non merely the reviews presented by Lee ( 2003 ) and Sandlin ( 2005 ) but besides those based on my ain experiences as an grownup scholar and as a instructor of grownups. Most of them reflect the simple fact that worlds are frequently complicated. My first premise is that grownups may be self-directed in their acquisition journeys, but they may besides elect to set about a acquisition procedure because they are directed to make so by an external force. This premise addresses Sandlin ‘s ( 2005 ) review that andragogy is based on the thought that there is a generic scholar. Men and adult females may hold really different grounds for desiring to larn certain things, for illustration. As an pedagogue, it is of import to listen to the voices of your pupils. Second, grownups may hold been about longer but that does non intend they are capable of larning from their experiences. Most people go through life holding experience after experience, but non all of those experiences are capable of supplying a minute of larning. In add-on, non everyone is interested in or capable of believing about their experiences in such a manner as to larn something from them. This premise incorporates the unfavorable judgment that andragogy, as it was originally presented, merely valued one manner of larning – that of larning from experience ( Sandlin, 2005 ) . A 3rd premise is that grownups may larn non merely to develop the accomplishments and cognition needed for a new developmental function but besides to turn to a demand within their community. This premise addresses the concerns of both Lee ( 2003 ) and Sandlin ( 2005 ) that andragogy is excessively focused on the person and non focused plenty on the societal context of the person or on the demand for persons to turn to unfairness in community. At times, our communities may name us to set about a new function for which we need new accomplishments. In other instances, an grownup might see a job within the community and put out to larn what is needed in order to work towards a solution. Andragogy must admit that larning is non merely about the person. A 4th premise is that grownups might desire to larn to work out jobs but they might besides larn merely because larning is merriment. Again, this is a reaction to the unfavorable judgment that andragogy posits a generic scholar ( Sandlin, 2005 ) . Adults learn for many grounds. An grownup who is researching a new avocation or larning a new athletics may non really be trying to work out a job. Rather, they may be larning because it is fun to make. Finally, grownups might hold multiple motives for larning peculiar things at specific times. We may so be driven to larn for a sense of interior accomplishment, but we may besides be driven to larn so that we can conflict our kid ‘s school territory when they deny our kid something he or she needs. Learning can be a extremely political activity and acquisition can take to political activity ( Sandlin, 2005 ) . Andragogy should ne’er presume that grownup motive to larn is entirely driven by internal demands and desires. Using grounds you select from your readings explicate how race, gender and sexual orientation can impact grownup development or acquisition. Please supply CONCRETE illustrations of EACH positionality ( e.g. one illustration for race, one illustration for gender, and one illustration for sexual orientation ) . ( Hint: Narratives from Adult Learning and Development: Multicultural Narratives may be a good topographic point to get down when seeking to reply this inquiry. ) ( 3 points ) Race, gender, and sexual orientation, in add-on to other personal identifiers such as category, can positively and negatively affect both grownup development and acquisition. In this essay, I briefly examine several concrete illustrations of the relationship between development or acquisition and a scholar ‘s race or cultural individuality, gender, and sexual orientation. Race and Ethnic Identity Race and cultural individuality can impact larning in a assortment of ways. First, race and cultural individuality can act upon what is of import or proper for an person to larn. La Tortillera, a short narrative by Patricia Preciado Martin ( 2000 ) , provides a good illustration of how race and gender intersect in finding what it is proper for, in this instance, a Latina to larn. In this civilization, it is of import for a adult female and a female parent to larn how to do tortillas for her household. Her female parent shows Ms. Martin over and over once more how to do tortillas, even though Ms. Martin finds the tortilla doing lessons to be thwarting non merely because she can ne’er acquire them merely right but besides because they are a reminder of her insufficiencies as a Latina adult female and a female parent. How persons of specific races and cultural individualities are treated can besides play a critical function in how persons experience acquisition. Because of racism, minority pupils are less likely to finish postsecondary instruction ( Swail, 2003 ) . Unfortunately, in a racialist and classist system, minorities frequently attend ill funded schools that lack modern equipment and text editions or that are insecure. If they enroll in college or in an big instruction plan, they may still hold to cover with the long-run effects of racism. Over 50 % of Black alumnus pupils, for illustration, reported being the marks of racist actions on campus and experienced â€Å" isolation, solitariness, disjunction, and favoritism † as a consequence ( Johnson-Bailey, Valentine, Cervero, A ; Bowles, 2009, p. 192 ) . The affect of racism on larning need non be wholly negative, nevertheless. Developing a strong sense of ego in the face of racism can take scholars to reengage with their civilizations and communities. â€Å" Such bitterness can be directed by more deeply prosecuting with and repossessing one ‘s civilization, history, and heritage, and thereby redefining what it means to be ‘me, ‘ instead than defined ( be either oneself or the dominant civilization ) harmonizing to what one is non aˆÂ ¦ â€Å" ( Smith A ; Taylor, 2010, p. 53 ) . Gender Gender can besides present challenges to the development and larning experiences of adult females and work forces. In the acquisition environment she was analyzing, Cain ( 2002 ) described a state of affairs in which a really traditional power moral forces based on gender developed. The adult females attempted to develop consensus among all participants, while a little group of males took over the meetings and ignored the voices of everyone else in the room. The lessons for all involved were tragic. â€Å" The importance of this for acquisition is that so many of the initial participants, including all the adult females, learned that their parts were non valued and they quit the group † ( Cain, 2000, p. 70 ) . The work forces ‘s developmental procedure had taught them that their voices were the most of import, and, as a consequence, they ignored and alienated other voices that could hold brought a great trade of cognition to the work. Another illustration that shows how gender can act upon the acquisition experiences of work forces and adult females can be seen in Michael Dorris ‘ ( 2000 ) short narrative Groom Service. In the narrative, Bernard and Marie both exhibit behaviours they have learned as the appropriate behaviours for their gender. What Bernard learns, in peculiar, is described in the narrative. Bernard ‘s accomplishments include runing. â€Å" Subsequently he thought about hunting, how he could hold succeeded the times he had failed, how the animate beings behaved, how they smelled and sounded † ( Dorris, 2000, p. 219 ) . Bernard besides learns proper behaviour around his hereafter in-laws, with whom he will populate in this matrilinear society. Sexual Orientation Like race and gender, sexual orientation can both positively and negatively affect development and acquisition. For illustration, if they are non â€Å" out † to their household, friends, or instructors, sapphic, bisexual, homosexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) pupils may endure from anxiousness about their sexual orientation ( Messinger, 2004 ) . They may make up one’s mind to remain in the cupboard because they fear that being unfastened about their orientation might take to violence against them ( Messinger, 2004 ) . They may besides fear that their parents will retreat fiscal and emotional support from them ( Freedman, 2009 ) . As with persons who grow stronger by confronting racism, pupils who develop strong self-identities in the face of homophobia can come through the experience stronger. They frequently show a more extremely developed sense of empathy and better critical thought accomplishments than those who have non had to confront the same challenges ( Messinger, 2004 ) . You have taken Howard Gardner ‘s Multiple Intelligence Test online. You are in charge of developing resident hall helpers. Their highest multiple intelligence is one of your underside three intelligences based on your trial consequences. List your group ‘s acquisition manner and supply a class rubric ( .25 point ) Supply one class aim ( see the CAHA 501 class course of study or seek information on the cyberspace to decently word a class nonsubjective if you do non hold experience composing aims ) . ( .75 point ) Describe how you would learn that nonsubjective to your pupils based on their learning manner. Use concrete illustrations ( at least two ) and do a clear and direct connexion between the acquisition manner and accomplishing the instruction of your aim. ( 2 points ) Learning Styles and My Training Course My underside three intelligences were societal ( 3.14 ) , body motion ( 3.00 ) , and spacial ( 3.00 ) . For the intents of this essay, my resident hall helpers will be strongest in bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Learners that excel in bodily-kinesthetic intelligence frequently use parts of their organic structure or their full organic structure as they work through the acquisition procedure ( Smith 2002, 2008 ) . As a consequence, they learn best through hands-on exercisings, including edifice things and function playing ( Armstrong, 2009 ) . The class I will be offering them as portion of their preparation is â€Å" Helping the International Student Transition to American Higher Education. † The class aim is to develop empathy among resident hall helpers for the challenges that international pupils face when get downing college in the United States. Training Exercises Armstrong ( 2009 ) suggests that one method to prosecute pupils with strong kinaesthetic acquisition intelligence is to function drama or move out what you want them to larn. To assist resident hall helpers gain a better apprehension of what it is like to be an international pupil go toing college in the United States for the first clip, I will offer a function playing exercising. In the exercising, the scholars will draw a scenario out of a chapeau. They will hold to function drama either an international pupil confronting a barrier or challenge or a resident hall helper tasked with assisting the pupil work through the state of affairs. An illustration of one scenario that the trainees might move out would be that of a South Korean female pupil who has been harassed by other pupils for walking arm in arm with her female friends. While this is a common behaviour for immature adult females in South Korea, in the United States, it can put pupils up for homophobic torment. The function of the occupant hall helper in this scenario would be to assist the South Korean pupil understand why they are being harassed and to speak through schemes for covering with the negative emotions torment can breed and for advancing personal safety. Another function drama might affect moving like an Ethiopian pupil who has enrolled in a northern college without cognizing that winter vesture, like a coat, is needed. This exercising advances the nonsubjective by assisting the pupils function play a state of affairs in which they take on the character of an international pupil confronting a realistic job. As portion of the preparation plan, I would state the occupant helpers that tiffin will be provided to them. The intent of the tiffin, nevertheless, is to offer them another kinaesthetic acquisition chance. Another manner in which to advance improved acquisition by kinaesthetic scholars is to prosecute them in hands-on activities or, in this instance, a oral cavity and stomach-centered activity ( Armstrong, 2009 ) . Our tiffin would be set up like the cafeteria at an American university. The nutrient would non be labeled, and they would stand for assorted nutrients that are eaten around the universe that might be unusual to American pupils. For illustration, there might be nutrients such as curried caprine animal, lingua greaser, stewed okra, natto ( fermented soya beans ) , blood pudding, kifte ( extremely spiced natural beef ) , kim qi ( spicy fermented veggies ) , and bread fruit and drinks like horchata and ginger beer. Sing such a counter might be disorientating to scholars who are steeped in American civilization and who are used to school bill of fares of pizza and beefburgers. This exercising provides pupils with a concrete, hands-on acquisition experience, that of being forced to choose and eat nutrients that are unusual without any anterior experience or counsel ( McKenzie, 1999 ) . It promotes the nonsubjective by leting the occupant hall helper to see what an international pupil might see the first twenty-four hours in the cafeteria. You have taken the Emotional Intelligence Test online. a ) Argue for or against the usage of emotional intelligence trials in engaging. You need to mention at least TWO ( 2 ) beginnings outside class stuffs to back up your reply. ( 2 points ) I find the thought of emotional intelligence to be extremely attractive. â€Å" Emotional intelligence is a set of abilities that includes the abilities to perceive emotions in the ego and in others, usage emotions to ease public presentation, understand emotions and emotional cognition, and modulate emotions in the ego and in others † ( Mayer A ; Salovey, 1997 ) . Even though the construct of emotional intelligence presently is supported as a â€Å" separate concept of intelligence † by small empirical grounds ( Merriam, Caffarella, A ; Baumgartner, 2007, p. 383 ) , I find that this theoretical account speaks to me because it argues for the importance of a really of import portion of life that is frequently denigrated or denied. How we interact and perceive the universe is non merely cold and rational, but instead our emotions play an of import portion in how we perceive the universe and how we learn and make significance. Dirkx ( 2008 ) argues that â€Å" emotional issues ne’er seem really far from the surface in grownup acquisition contexts † ( p. 9 ) . Emotions can impact how the pupil reacts to a schoolroom puting. They can besides impact, positively or negatively, how good an single learns, particularly if a scholar is scared or fearful ( Rager, 2009 ) . In add-on, struggles between scholars can make negative emotions that negatively impact the ability to larn ( Dirkx, 2008 ) . Having emotional intelligence can break aid scholars understand non merely their ain acquisition procedure but besides can assist them understand what their fellow scholars are traveling through. The usage of emotional intelligence trials in hiring, nevertheless, is a different affair. Does emotional intelligence play an of import function in an person ‘s ability to be a good employee? Is it perchance to accurately prove an person ‘s emotional intelligence? The usage of emotional intelligence trials in hiring is turning, yet the cogency of the trials is problematic ( Grubb A ; McDaniel, 2007 ) . There is no uncertainty that emotional intelligence can be helpful in the workplace. Cote and Miners ( 2006 ) found that workers who had low cognitive abilities could be extremely successful workers if they had strong emotional intelligence to counterbalance for their lacks in other countries. However, the ability to accurately prove for emotional intelligence and to happen a trial that could non be â€Å" faked out † continues to be hard. Grubb and McDaniel ( 2007 ) found that, at least with one peculiar emotional intelligence trial, the EQ-i: Second, it was possible to learn trial takers how to â€Å" forge † emotional intelligence. In their experiment, they found that imposters could be identified in merely 31 % of the instances, but â€Å" most of the respondents were able to increase their mark by forging and non be identifi ed † ( Grubb A ; McDaniel, 2007, p. 56 ) . Of what usage is a trial that can be so easy deceived? On the other manus, other research workers have found emotional intelligence trials to be really utile in engaging patterns. In one survey, the research workers found that emotional intelligence trials were advantageous to minority trial takers, as they tended to hit higher in emotional intelligence than Caucasians ( Van Rooy, Alexander, A ; Chockalingam, 2005 ) . If engaging were based on emotional intelligence trials with the engaging single unaware of the race of the trial taker, minority appliers might be more likely to be hired, whereas in traditional hiring state of affairss they are more likely to non be hired due to racism. When I took the emotional intelligence trial online, I was extremely dismayed by the consequences, which indicated that I had below mean emotional intelligence. I found this distressing because I have spent most of my calling working in places that require a high grade of emotional intelligence ( ability to read people, empathy ) and I have been really successful in my work. Have I been forging emotional intelligence this full clip or did I merely non make good in the proving environment? Or was the trial itself faulty? In the terminal, I believe that the construct of emotional intelligence is of import to see in the workplace. In many places, holding emotional intelligence is cardinal to or supports success. However, emotional intelligence trials remain debatable and should be used merely with great cautiousness. Ultimately, whether or non person has the emotional intelligence needed for any given place will merely be determined by detecting that single ‘s public presentation on the occupation. As the testing instruments are developed and refined, possibly this fact will alter, but for now, to establish a determination on whether or non to engage a given person on the footing of an emotional intelligence trial is non in the best involvements of employer or employee. 5. Situated knowledge is a subject of involvement in big instruction and it has been used in many scenes. Following are inquiries refering located knowledge. Compare ( state the similarities between ) and contrast ( state the differences between ) situated knowledge and experiential acquisition. ( 1 point ) In the narrative â€Å" Talking to the Dead † by Watanabe, explicate what type ( s ) of larning occur for supporter ( e.g. experiential, located knowledge, brooding pattern ) and support your reply by binding it to grounds in your readings. ( 1 point ) Situated knowledge and experiential acquisition are closely related. However, the primary topographic point of societal interaction and societal relationships as a demand of larning in societal knowledge delineates the two theories from each other. It is the importance of the societal interactions in Watanabe ‘s ( 2000 ) narrative, Talking to the Dead, that indicate that the type of larning the supporter experienced falls under the class of located knowledge. Situated Cognition and Experiential Learning One of the most outstanding theories of grownup instruction, experiential acquisition addresses how grownups make significance or learn from their experiences ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . There are five major schools of idea that autumn under experiential acquisition theory. The first is the constructivist theoretical account, in which scholars participate in a brooding procedure in order to develop new apprehensions ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . The situative theoretical account postulates that larning happens as the scholar participates in activities, such as larning on the occupation ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . The psychoanalytic theoretical account believes that the emotions of the scholar, peculiarly those that inhibit acquisition, must be dealt with in order for larning to happen, and the critical theoretical account believes that larning happens when the scholar challenges the bulk civilization ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . Finally, the complexness theoretical account posits that larning happens when persons compare and contrast what multiple experiences teach them ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . Like experiential acquisition, situated knowledge involves a scholar deriving new understanding from lived experience. One illustration of located knowledge, the cognitive apprenticeship, makes this clear. In this procedure, larning can ne’er be separated â€Å" from the state of affairs in which the acquisition is presented † ( Merriam et al. , 2007, p. 178 ) . The acquisition happens in the experience. The experience of the topographic point itself is of import to the procedure of acquisition. â€Å" The physical and societal experiences and state of affairss in which scholars find themselves and the tools they use in that experience are built-in to the full acquisition procedure † ( Merriam et al. , 2007, p. 178 ) . Experiential acquisition besides focuses on â€Å" making the undertaking in order to larn it † ( Hansman, 2001, p. 46 ) . Situated knowledge, nevertheless, â€Å" is inherently societal in nature. The nature of the interactions among scholars, the tools they use within these interactions, the activity itself, and the societal context in which the activity takes topographic point form acquisition † ( Hansman, p. 45 ) . Experiential larning theory might affect a societal constituent but does non needfully necessitate it. Learning to Talk to the Dead In seeking to find what type of larning the supporter of Watanabe ‘s ( 2000 ) narrative Talking to the Dead experienced, I felt it of import to believe about what it was that she was truly larning. On the surface, it appears that she was larning the procedure of fixing the organic structures of the dead. However, at a deeper degree, the supporter is really larning about proper societal relationships – between maestro and learner, between female parents and kids, between co-workers, and between the life and the dead ( Watanabe, 2000 ) . With this in head, I believe that the supporter participated in located knowledge. Neither her acquisition procedure nor what she learned can be separated for the societal experience ( Hansman, 2001 ) . As in a cognitive apprenticeship, her larning merely came approximately because she learned in a specific state of affairs ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . Had she learned to embalm organic structures in another topographic point, she ne’ er would hold learned that the proper manner to care for Aunty Talking to the Dead was to cremate her cadaver in the traditional manner ( Watanabe, 2000 ) . Every experience she had in larning about the proper relationships between the life and the dead – from the puting out of Mustard to the Blindman and the Blindman ‘s Dog – every societal context in which she found herself and of all time interaction between herself, Aunty, and others in the community contributed to her larning what she needed to larn in order to come to her minute ( Watanabe, 2000, p. 279 ) . Application of Gerald Grow ‘s SDL Scale to Instruction: Grow ‘s SDL graduated table is enlightening for all pedagogues. This inquiry asks you to use his graduated table. You are an teacher in whatever context you choose. a ) Create a class rubric and one ( 1 ) aim. ( 1 point ) B ) Describe in item how you would learn this aim ( use 2 concrete illustrations ) to a Level 1 and a Level 4 scholar. ( 2 points ) I have for two old ages taught a class titled â€Å" Female Images of the Divine in the West. † My pupils dearly call it the goddess category. The primary aim of the class is to develop the ability to believe critically about how spiritual symbols and imagery impact people ‘s lives – both in the past and in the present. It is a 200-level undergraduate category, and I frequently find that I have a big group of freshman pupils in my category. I besides tend to hold a important figure of non-traditional-age pupils in my category, largely because it is a dark category. It makes for a really interesting group of pupils, stand foring every phase of Grow ‘s ( 1991 ) SDL Scale to Instruction. Teaching Phase 1 Learners Phase 1 scholars are really dependent and view the teacher as the ultimate authorization on the capable affair ( Grow, 1991 ) . They feel most comfy in environments in which they receive immediate feedback, and they feel most comfy in an environment in which the teacher-master dispenses wisdom to the scholar ( Grow, 1991 ) . In working with this type of pupil, the pedagogue needs to happen a manner to assist the pupil addition assurance and get down to derive command over stuff that might be wholly new to them ( Grow, 1991 ( . The first manner I teach to my aim for my Phase 1 scholars is to assist them acknowledge that they know more about images of goddesses than they might believe they do – even if they do non place with any peculiar religion. We do this by speaking about popular civilization word pictures of goddesses. I have discovered that my pupils all seem to adore Xena: Warrior Princess. I have them travel on YouTube and happen cartridge holders from the show that depict the assorted goddesses – Here, Callisto, and Aphrodite to call merely a few. We so read primary texts from the ancient Greeks depicting the goddesses. As a group, we identify similarities and differences between the telecasting word pictures and the word pictures of the ancient Greeks and discourse why the two are frequently different. This treatment frequently leads to a farther treatment about why the goddesses were of import to ancient peoples and starts a semester-long treatment about the topographic point of godd ess imagination in modern times. A 2nd manner I help my Phase 1 pupils is that I give quizzes in category, particularly during the first few hebdomads, and we go over the replies right off. This helps them acquire immediate feedback on their apprehension of the stuff. This activity helps progress the class aim because spiritual symbolism both holds steady and evolves over clip. If they do non derive a solid command of the ancient apprehensions of goddesses, they have great trouble when we begin treatment on whether or non modern figures, such as Princess Diana or Angelina Jolie, serve the same intents in modern society as Artemis or Isis did in antediluvian civilizations. Teaching Phase 4 Learners Phase 4 scholars are considered to be to the full autonomous ( Grow, 1991 ) . For a autonomous scholar, the pedagogue is person who serves as a adviser, heightening the acquisition work that is delineated and directed by the scholar. Students working at the really highest degrees are frequently autonomous scholars ; surely, a pupil set abouting a major undertaking such as a thesis ought to be able to work as a autonomous scholar ( Grow, 1991 ) . As an teacher of a phase 4 scholar, I personally feel most comfy with the delegator function ( Grow, 1991 ) . In this function, I can work straight with the pupil to detect their involvements and demands, assist them develop a acquisition program, and so run into with them on a regular footing to discourse their advancement and any barriers they have encountered. As portion of their acquisition program, we besides develop together an appraisal program: what will be assessed, what merchandises they are required to bring forth, and by which standard we will measure their advancement ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . Most frequently, the phase 4 pupils I work with and I agree that they will prosecute an independent undertaking that makes a connexion between the antediluvian and the modern. One undertaking involved a pupil who examined the ancient Irish myths of the godly figure Deirdre. She so created an interpretative dance that incorporated environmental, costume, and motion symbols to con vey the myth to a modern audience. Another pupil undertook a undertaking that looked at the construct of ancient sovereignty goddesses and so used that stuff to analyse the Robert Zemeckis ‘ movie version of Beowulf. When we foremost discussed the undertaking, I suspected she might happen reverberations of sovereignty goddesses in the figure of Grendel ‘s female parent, but she besides, convincingly, found reverberations of the construct in the figure of Wealtheow. I was blown off! My pupil had made an rational find that had wholly escape me. 7. Several writers have constructed theoretical accounts that show autonomous acquisition as a procedure. Construct your ain theoretical account of autonomous acquisition based on your experiences. ( 1 point ) Compare ( state the similarities between ) and contrast ( state the differences between your theoretical account and two of the theoretical accounts found in Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner ( 2007 ) ( pp. 110-119 ) . ( 2 points ) Argue for or against the importance of context in the autonomous acquisition procedure utilizing grounds from the literature. ( 1 points ) Specifying autonomous acquisition can be slippery. It is non a self-contained theory of grownup larning but alternatively a group of related constructs and patterns. Among the definitions I most prefer, Caffarella ( 1993 ) defines autonomous acquisition as: a self-initiated procedure of larning that stresses the ability of persons to program and pull off their ain acquisition, an property or feature of scholars with personal liberty as its trademark, and a manner of forming direction in formal scenes that allows for greater scholar control. ( p. 25 ) . Similar to Caffarella ‘s ( 1993 ) definition, Candy ‘s ( 1987 ) definition focuses on the importance of liberty in autonomous acquisition, although the scholar can work in concert with an pedagogue ( as cited in Grow, 1991 ) . My Model of Autonomous Learning My ain theoretical account of autonomous acquisition is one based on procedure divinity. Process divinity is grounded in alteration, growing, and changeless motion. â€Å" Human and other existences are non things ( substances or kernels ) situated in empty infinite aˆÂ ¦ but are active procedures of all time in relation and passage † ( Christ, 2003, p. 3 ) . Furthermore, as a postmodern divinity, it is structured around the belief that all cognition is contextual and that cognition is shaped and controlled by cultural systems. The ego can ne’er be genuinely independent. â€Å" The individuality of each of us extends over and includes the civilization, society, and civilisation that we participate in. There is no stray, lone ego imprisoned in its ain organic structure † ( Brumbaugh, 1982, p. 3 ) . My theoretical account of autonomous acquisition is one, so, that is based on the thought that worlds, by nature, are spurred to turn and alter. Curiosity is portion of growing and alteration, whether initiated by internal demands and involvements or external demands and forces. Once wonder is sparked, the scholar sees where that wonder takes her or him – either in weaving jets of larning activity or in a sustained acquisition journey. As portion of their autonomous acquisition, the scholar may seek out educational stuffs. The scholar may besides integrate hands-on activities, seting into pattern what has been taken in from the educational stuffs, or take a category to foster reinforce what has been learned from other beginnings. At times, failure may ensue, and the scholar may get down the full procedure once more. If there is success, the scholar may rest for a clip, but be spurred once more subsequently to set about a new acquisition undertaking. Similarities and Differences Between Models In many ways, my theoretical account of autonomous acquisition is non much different from many of the synergistic theoretical accounts described in Merriam et Al. ( 2007 ) . Like those theoretical accounts, my theoretical account is non additive in nature. Curiosity and the acquisition journey will take the scholar where the scholar wants or needs to travel. My theoretical account has the most in common with Spear ‘s theoretical account. First, Spear identifies three elements that spur autonomous acquisition, all of which work with my theoretical account: environmental chance, opportunity, and personal cognition ( as cited in Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . Second, Spear ‘s theoretical account incorporates the thought that autonomous acquisition is non a steady, controlled procedure, but instead one that can go on in tantrums and starts, one that can halt and get down once more, and one that can integrate room for both failure and success ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . My theoretical account is least like those proposed by Tough and Knowles. In Tough ‘s theoretical account, autonomous acquisition is calculated and focused on achieving a specific piece of cognition or a accomplishment ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . In Knowles ‘ theoretical account, autonomous acquisition is a bit-by-bit procedure focused on work outing a particular job ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . My larning theoretical account acknowledges that certain scholars may elect to set about a additive autonomous acquisition procedure focused on work outing a peculiar job, but it does non presume that all autonomous acquisition will follow a similar way. My theoretical account has room for larning for the interest of acquisition and for fulfilling wonder, for the joy of merely being able to state â€Å" Well, you learn something new every twenty-four hours. † Importance of Context In all of the theoretical accounts I have examined here, including my ain, context plays a critical function. First, a scholar ‘s context may find whether or non she or he is interested in or capable of take parting in a autonomous acquisition procedure ( Grow, 1991 ; Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . Second, context can find the type of resources available to assist with acquisition. For illustration, interior metropolis scholars of colour may non hold entree to all the rich acquisition resources that can be obtained through the Internet. Not merely is the monetary value of a computing machine prohibitive, but the scholar, as the consequence of life in a context, an environment, that is unsupportive, may non hold the computing machine literacy needed to utilize the Internet to seek out information as portion of his or her autonomous acquisition procedure ( Norris A ; Conceicao, 2004 ) . All in all, context should be a core constituent of autonomous acquisition. 8. Experiential acquisition, autonomous acquisition, and transformative acquisition are three theories of grownup acquisition. What is the â€Å" best † larning theory? Why? Supply grounds from your readings ( and beyond if you so choose ) to back up your points. ( 3 points ) This essay will briefly analyze the chief renters of experiential acquisition, autonomous acquisition, and transformative acquisition. While all three theories have both positive and negative facets, I argue that experiential acquisition is the most flexible and hence the most utile of the three theories for the work of big pedagogues. The Three Theories Experiential larning â€Å" is a procedure of doing intending from all experiences-cognitive, emotional, physical, societal and religious † ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002, p. 206 ) . Harmonizing to Zepke and Leach ( 2002 ) , experiential acquisition is possibly the most dominant construct in the grownup instruction field, but theoreticians have different thoughts of how the procedure works. Learners can either reflect on experience in order to larn ( constructivist lens ) , learn through take parting in experiences ( situative lens ) , learn by linking with and get the better ofing frights and other emotional barriers ( psychoanalytic lens ) , learn by challenge the dominate ethos ( critical lens ) , or larn by developing an apprehension of how assorted experiences relate to each other ( complexness lens ) ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Grow ( 1991 ) , the â€Å" end of the educational procedure is to bring forth autonomous, womb-to-tomb scholars † ( p. 127 ) . Although autonomous acquisition can be hard to specify, Candy ( 1987 ) delineated three features that can be used to set up whether or non learning is autonomous: the scholar possesses autonomy, the acquisition can go on outside of a formal acquisition environment, and the acquisition is directed chiefly by the pupil even if a instructor is involved ( as cited in Grow, 1991 ) . Mezirow ‘s theory of transformational larning postulates that adults see a minute when their beliefs turn out inadequate in understanding the state of affairs in which they find themselves ( Elias A ; Merriam, 2005 ) . This disorienting quandary forces them to reevaluate their cognition and develop new apprehensions. As a consequence, a transmutation happens, and the single learns and grows ( Elias A ; Merriam, 2005 ) . Transformative acquisition is an emancipatory procedure in which self-reflection leads to critical consciousness ( Cranton, 2002 ) . The â€Å" Best † Theory All of these larning theories have countries of concern. For illustration, scholars may non really have the ability to larn from experience, or they may non hold had experiences that are meaningful ( Brookfield, 1998 ) . On the other manus, scholars may non hold the desire or the ability to direct their ain acquisition procedures ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . Transformative acquisition can be ethically disputing. First of wholly, the terminal consequence of transformative acquisition could be a major crisis for the scholar. â€Å" Despite an pedagogue ‘s best purposes, a procedure of transformative acquisition can take to unpredictable and unwilled events † ( Moore, 2005, p. 83 ) . The power derived function between scholar and pedagogue can take to indoctrination ( Moore, 2005 ) . Ultimately, the best acquisition theory is whichever theory best helps the scholar run into his or her educational ends. However, transmutation of the scholar is non a demand of either autonomous or experiential acquisition ; hence, they both may advance greater flexibleness in grownup instruction ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . Autonomous acquisition is less an grownup larning theory and more a related group of patterns and thoughts ( Caffarella, 1993 ) ; as a consequence, it is slightly mussy. It besides does non see as many issues as experiential larning theory does. Experiential acquisition, on the other manus, addresses the procedure of larning non merely from reflecting on and in experience but besides from larning through engagement in experiences ( Zepke A ; Leach, 2002 ) . It besides addresses of import issues around emotions, cultural context and the scholar ‘s relationship to society, and doing sense of a broad assortment of experiences that may either reinforce or dispute each other ( Merriam et al. , 2007 ) . All in all, experiential acquisition addresses more issues that might impact a scholar ‘s larning experience than the other two theories, and hence, it is the most utile of the theories for grownup pedagogues. How to cite Overview and Criticisms of Andragogy, Essay examples

Innovation and Business Dustainability Development Method

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Business Dustainability Development Method. Answer: Introduction The business model provides direction to the organizations in order to generate profitability. The researchers use gross profit metrics to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of the business model of the organization. The business model is considered as a conceptual framework that supports the viability of the business which includes its goals, ongoing plans and its purpose for achieving them. A business model shows how a company can fulfill its objectives. The business model provides significant information such as customers of the company and their importance (Sen, 2008). The benefits of the business model include focusing on the corporate goals and objectives and reviewing the operational practices. The business model of a company can also be incorporated into the public relations and can be shared with partners and customers. A business model shows a clear picture of how a business works. The administration department ought to have the capacity to depict the business model in a couple of sentences. All organizations endeavor to offer some benefit to their customers. The more grounded this value proposition, especially when contrasted with that of the competitors, the more probable it is substantial number of clients will buy from the organization (Hutt, Speh, 2014). The business model is a method for making an interpretation of the value proposition into the potential for quick income growth and productivity. The business model portrays the techniques the organization will use to create income. This could offer items or administrations, charging membership expenses, offering administration contracts on items - any way to make income openings. The model likewise demonstrates the elements about the operation of the business that will empower it to be beneficial. The organization may have higher edges than competitors on account of its lower cost sources of supply. The business that benefits from informal suggestions from current customers to forthcoming customers can be more productive in light of the fact that this promoting is significantly more affordable than different means, for example, advertising. Business model as systems The players in the IoT advertise space like SalesForce and Google are driving new smart frameworks and Internet of Things stage models. These models all have in like manner is that they are not conventional item engaged product-focused approaches; they depend on cooperation, participative item advancement and smart administrations development, and are sorted out and utilized with a typical business and specialized stage (Knackstedt, 2012). Dissimilar to the B2C world, the M2M applications have advanced in a setting where applications, for example, remote checking and support for gear have been attached nearly to hardware benefit contracts. For most item OEMs today, remote administrations and M2M frameworks have to a great extent been centered around basic remote diagnostics and basic following/area administrations in substantial part due to specialized complexities and business model difficulties with associated item strategies. Existing innovation has demonstrated unwieldly and expensive to apply to many clashing conventions and inadequate part based arrangements. The difficulties of creating applications and incorporating different gadgets onto arranges in an interoperable way have been enormous adoption obstacles. The inability of today's mainstream endeavor IT systems to interoperate with disseminated heterogeneous gadget conditions is a hindrance that we are at long last overcoming. Existing technology from basic applications, while greatly significant, is restricted fundamentally to the maker's administration conveyance proficiency. In spite of what current market offerings portray, in any case, the estimation of availability does not need to end with simply straightforward applications concentrated on a solitary class of gadget or machine (McDonald, Mouncey, Maklan, 2014). Business model used to solve dynamic and static problems As technologies develop and open guidelines turn into the standard, applications in light of more profound shared communications between gadgets, frameworks, and individuals will drive more "compound" and element esteem streams. This opens up a new communitarian plan of action openings that can drive substantially more prominent incentive for the customer. The new business model opportunities are considerably nearer in many regards to the purchaser driven models depicted before and can give numerous lessons to the "isolated" gear producers in B2B fields. The business advantages of vast scale open cooperation in the B2B field are quite recently starting to be perceived. Moving from "Straightforward" to "Compound" applications includes numerous working together frameworks with huge associations between and among gadgets, frameworks and individuals. Never again is the attention exclusively on the item provider's capacity to convey bolster for their item productively. Or maybe, esteem is conveyed to the client through business handle automation, and advancement Examples include: Business Model Transformation offering results, results or execution not hardware; New Value-Added Services giving associate benchmarking, directed personalization administrations, prescient frameworks advancement given examination and demonstrating; Product Design and Engineering Insights gathering working machine history over a whole era of machines to decide needs for future outlines; Sales, Fulfillment and Supply Chain Services building up a superior comprehension of introduced base qualities and practices for prescient displaying of interest for channel accomplices and ecosystem participants; Ecosystem Orchestration creating business administrations for different, parallel merchants for organization of administrations around machines and frameworks; New User Experience Design planning more compelling machines and additionally frameworks in light of a more private understanding machine practices and how clients connect with the framework; and, Installed Base Support Services helping clients keep up introduced frameworks and gear on a group or systemic premise through cautious administration of designs, introduced items contracts administration and life cycle administration (Sen, 2008). Understanding the firms partners The value proposition primarily helps to provide a clear ad precise idea about the key merits and therefore helps to value the customer or a value partner which eventually help to gain the key facts and figures in the business model. The value proposition helps to identify the key stakeholders and their different activities in the organization: Customer: the customer is considered to be one of the major stakeholders in the company as it is also considered to be one of the major parts of stakeholder. A business model helps to provide a clear and precise idea about itself and the existing product through several key channels which help to develop and generate value creation to its potential customer. Value is considered to be an activity which is being created by providing or fulfilling the need and demand of the customer as per their preferences. With the determination and identification of the requirement of the customer what specially value the firm want to prepare or create the value proposition also help to implied what the firm does not provide to its potential customer Value partner: value partner in the business model consist of key value proposition for the key partner which are needed to accomplish the key value proposition to the customer. The value proposition to the partner is considered to be strong too motivate and clear the key participant in the business (Verstraete, Jouison-Laffitte, 2011). The value partner is considered to be the inseparable part of the stakeholder and the value creation of the product is goes hand to hand in value partner. The business model consists of the external value partners who help to create strong value along with the overall value chain which eventually helps to accomplish the value proposition. Potential value partner is considered to be supplier complement or customer and competitors. It is evident from the research that not all value partners actively takes part in the business model this type of value partner is called passive value partner. Understanding the innovation process The business model also plays a significant role in the innovation process. The model helps in the development of unique and new concepts that supports the financial viability of the organization. The primary objective of the model is determining and evaluate the new sources of revenue by increasing the product value and delivering the product efficiently to the customers. The advancement of technology has changed the way of carrying out the business operations. It has supported the development of the companies. The production of unique and innovative products leads to the development of the company. The strategies enable the companies to stay competitive in the market. The management team of the companies is responsible for carrying out all the tasks appropriately as well as providing quality services to the customers. The business model is an entrepreneurial and strategic management tool which allows the companies to design, describe, invent, challenge and pivot the business model. The business model enables the company to determine and analyze the key activities, key partners, key resources, customer relationships, value propositions, cost structure, revenue streams and customer segments. References Hutt, M., Speh, T. (2014).Business marketing management B2B(1st ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Knackstedt, M. (2012).The interior design business handbook. Hoboken: Wiley. McDonald, M., Mouncey, P., Maklan, S. (2014).Marketing value metrics. London: Kogan Page. Sen, M. (2008).Business management. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co. Verstraete, T., Jouison-Laffitte, E. (2011).A business model for entrepreneurship. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

Heartache Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night,

Heartache This story is tangible, and of my own interpretation. It tales of heart break sorrow and pain. A tale of When my heart was ripped from my body, shattered Into a million pieces like mirrored glass. On a dark and Dreary night when life itself seemed to stand still and Nothing else mattered. It seemed like as quickly as He came into my life, he would leave even quicker. The Words escaped his lips and rode the leaves through The midnight eerie air. They seemed to echo for What felt like forever. Before I could even release it, He left and I felt my heart being torn from my ribs Enclosed within my chest. His monstrous laugh ripped Me from the inside out. I could not fathom the toll This heartache would take on my body mind and soul. I felt like an empty vassal traveling the seas in search Of a new beginning. He felt me empty and so confused. I was frozen as I watched my life continue on Without me. I felt withheld from myself. I was without Meaning like a sprite roaming the land for a body to Overtake. I was completely captured within my broken heart. Over time a light within my soul began to glow. As the light Glowed brighter so did myself worth. I then released I could no longer allow the complete mental breakdown Control the events of my future. I awakened inspired By the one I feared. I no longer let him burn me from Inside. I needed to control my outcome despite my fears. No longer would I let the words of my past control the Events of my future.

Henry Cabot Lodge essays

Henry Cabot Lodge essays Henry Cabot Lodge was an American diplomat. He was born on July 5th 1902. He was born in Nahant Massachusetts. He did alot for our country so in the next few paragraphs I will tell you about Henry Cabot Lodge and some of his accomplishments. Henry Cabot Lodge attended Harvard University. Between 1923 and 1932 he was associated with the Boston Evening Transcript and the New York Herald Tribune. He was also a member of the Republican Party. He served two terms in the Massachusetts legislature from 1933 until 1936. Lodge was a very successful man in the world of politics. He was elected U.S. senator from Massachusetts. He was also elected to a second term in 1942 but he retired early in 1944.Afterwards he served in the U.S. army in Europe until late 1945. After his short term in the army he served again as senator from 1947 to 1953.He defeated for reelection by John F. Kennedy. In 1950 Lodge became a member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations. He was a U.S. representative to the UN during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1960. He was nominated by the Republican national convention of 1960 to run for the vice-presidency with the president Richard M. Nixon. Afterwards Lodge served as ambassador to South Vietnam from 1963 to 1964 and from 1965 to 1967. In 1969 Lodge represented the U.S. at the Paris peace conference on Vietnam. Lodge did alot for our country but he passed away in 1985. In my opinion I think Lodge was a great individual and he did alot for our country. You could definitely write more about this man. He did alot more things than I mentioned in this paper I just wish I had more time to write about him. ...

Answer Sheet for HD4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer Sheet for HD4 - Assignment Example The assignment "Answer Sheet for HD4" presents the overview of information regarding statistics like scales of measurements and what they are used for, types of variables and how they are reported. Mean is the average of a set of data collected. It is calculated by adding observed values, diving by a number of observations. It summarizes a single variable. Median is the middle value in a set of collected data. The data is arranged in order value. It is important for variables like age, income, and turnover. The mode is the data that commonly appears in a set of collected data. Standard deviation shows the range of variation of a particular group from the mean score. Its concept relies on splitting the dataset into smaller values for evaluation. Validity evidence is based on content and criteria. The evidence for reliability is a test-retest method, alternate forms, internal consistency, and inter-scorer reliability. The dependent variable in the study is the impact of social networking on the learning process. It was determined by a comparison between regions and the number of users of social networking. Validity was established through data collected as evidence. Reliability was done through questions like; how can electronic media and social networking improve teaching and learning of the course? Collect data on the preferences of the students and establish the standard deviation. Poor academic performance cannot be used to validate that a student has low intelligence, perseverance, honesty and other variances.

Person- Centred counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Person- Centred counselling - Essay Example This long-standing focus on the importance of the relationship between the client and the practitioner paved the way for the development of Roger’s person-centred therapy. Much of Roger’s work on his person-centred approach is heavily based in his beginnings as a psychotherapist, arguing that each individual possesses the powers of self-knowledge and self-healing within themselves, and they can utilise these resources to promote personality development and change. Rogers posits that a person benefits from their self-directive processes, as they enable greater self-differentiation and promote better self-understanding, self-regulation and acceptance. A key term integral to the person-centred approach is the notion of ‘actualising tendency’, which explains an individual’s motivation to realise and enhance their inherent potential (Witty, 2007).While person-centred therapy places the burden of change and improvement upon the client, it is the therapistà ¢â‚¬â„¢s job to provide an environment consisting of three necessary and sufficient conditions for change, which are conducive to the client’s improvement (Worsley, 2002). These integral conditions are congruence, empathetic understanding, and unconditional positive regard (Witty, 2007). In the recent past the person-centred therapy has faced numerous drawbacks as many people have criticized it of emphasising on the trustworthiness of the human organism as too optimistic even naà ¯ve. (Worsley, 2002).  

The modern computer system specification

The modern computer system specification Im one of the Managers of the Royal Star Company, also a programmer. When I visited to the Carmel Library, I found how to benefits the computers. So, I wanna report some information. First, we shouldnt need to use the systems of the old computers because of the following reasons. We cant install nowadays software because the systems of old computers will distinguish nowadays computers. If the old computer doesnt have network card, we cant transfer the files or folders to the other computers. Nowadays software need graphic to install, I think that the old computers doesnt have required graphic. As they are old computers, there are many problems to install nowadays softwares such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. Especially previous windows such as Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME and others. Above the reasons, we should use the modernized computers. I think that the minimum required of the hard-disk is 80GB. To install the windows, the minimum required of the memory is 128MB. And then windows OS (operating system) is important too. The minimum microprocessor rate is 1.0GHz (Giga Hertz).Ill report some modernize specifications to you. They are: Windows XP or later Open Office 3.1 GIMP or Irfan view A free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus or Avast Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity Installation of Printers, optical Media and Scanner. First, we should install windows XP or windows Vista and latest version (Ultimate version) windows 7. These windows have enough memory, graphic and hard-disk. As the modernized version, they can install the latest software. So, we should need to use these versions. The microprocessors of these versions are very good. They can do everything fast. And we should install a free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus to protect our data from the virus attacking. As a good library, we always connect with the foreign customers. So, internet is necessary need. Wanna the internet connectivity good, we should use wireless connection such as Wi-Fi or Wi-Max. I wanna suggest about the internet. I dont wanna use the Dial up connection because this connection needs to renew again. We should install the Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0.And then; we need to install the printers, optical media and scanner. When we use the printers, we shouldnt use dot-matrix to have good quality. We shouldnt to use the floppy disk because the floppy disk will store small amount of data. So, we need to use memory stick or external hard -disk. Task (2) New systems and peripherals available are: System Board MB725 Intel ® DP55WG Media Series Desktop Boards price = $ 195.00 MB740 Intel ® DG43NB Classic Series Desktop Boards price = $ 151.00 Processor and Memory Architecture As example: -Processor Intel Core i7-870 (2.93 GHz, 8MB)s price = $794.00 Intel Core 2 Duo E8600 (3.33 GHz, 6MB)s price = $ 408.00 Intel Core 2 Quad Q9550 (2.83 GHz, 12MB)price= $ 393.00 -Memory 2GB DDR3-1333 Memorys price = $ 87.00 512mb DDR2-800 Memorys price = $ 22.00 Disk Drive systems 2.5 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disk Drive 320GB 7200RPMs price = $ 120.00 E-Disk Altima E2A3 Serial ATA (SATA) solid state flash drives price = $143.00 Peripherals (USB, Fire wire, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi access) -USB (Universal Serial Bus), they are very popular in these years. Every computer includes USB PORT. -Fire Wire is a capable of using the high-speed isochronous transfer mode to support data-transfer rates up to 400Mbps. -Bluetooth example are: Worlds Slimmest Lightest Bluetooth USB Dongle for Wireless connectivity 100 Meters, with 2 years warranty 2.4 GHz of wireless communication Usage. Price is $489.00 (2 years warranty) Bluetooth 100 Meters range Transfer data like Software, Images, Ringtones; Games to you Bluetooth enabled Mobile Phone/PDA. Transfer Voice data Connect to your Phone/PDAs Modem. Price is $499.00 GNET Presents to you USB Hub Bluetooth Dongle Mega Combo Deal. Now taste this deal before it is gone Kit Contents 1 Bluetooth Dongle worth Rs.600 One Four Port Hub worth Prince $499.00 Printers Canon Pixma MP 560 printers price = $89 to $157 HP LaserJet 1320 printers price = $89 to $499 HP Photosmart Premium Touch Smart Web printers price = $279 to $464 Network Hardware and cabling/ Wireless LAN Network Hardware and cabling -Network hardware and cabling is not too hard. -First, we need to clip the cables. -Then, plug them into a system or a computer. Wireless LAN -Wireless LAN is useful in nowadays. -Mostly, it is used in Internet cafes and Game Shops. -LAN (Local Area Network) is a form of networks. -Installing the LAN is like a network. -I will show you the installation of network in Task (4) Task (3) Problems from using old computers.. -At first, the systems will distinguish nowadays computers. So, we cant use nowadays software. -Second, if the old computer doesnt network card, we cant transfer the file or folder to other computers by using network. -Third, the memory and graphic will need to more install. As they are old modernized computers, there are many problems to install nowadays software such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. So, we should need to use Modernized Computers because of the above reasons. Software List -windows XP/Vista/7 -Open office 3.1 -GIMP or Irfan view -A free Antivirus like AVG antivirus or Avast -Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 -Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 -Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity -Installation of Printers, Optical Media and Scanner. Hardware List Some hardware lists are as follows: -Intel(R) Core 2 Duo CPU T5750 2.0GHz Pentium 4 -DDR2 4GB -HP Jornada 420/430 Hitachi SH3 (SH3) Palm-size PC 1.2 (SH3) -Microsoft Windows PC (International Unicode) Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows XP -Microsoft Windows PC Intel Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows Vista or Windows XP -Toshiba Genio e550 Intel StrongARM SA-1110 (ARM) Pocket PC (ARM) -HP Jornada 820 Intel Strong ARM SA-1110 190MHz (ARM) HPC Pro (ARM) -Compaq Aero 2150/2180 NEC VR4121 (MIPS) Palm-size PC 1.2 (MIPS) -Apple Macintosh (x86 based) x86 (x86) Apple Macintosh (with Crossover) -Asus AH100 Intel StrongArm SA1100 (ARM) HPC 2000 -Hitachi ePlate HPW-600ET Hitachi SH4 (SH3) HPC Pro (SH3) Project Plans are as follows: -Removing the old system -Install Motherboard -Install CPU -Install RAM -Install Network Card Removing the old system -At first, remove the external I/O Systems. -And then, remove the System Units Cover and remove the Adapter Cards. -Second, removing the cables from the System Board and System Board. -Finally, remove the Power Supply. -Removing the Power Supply Disconnect the exterior power connections from the system unit a system Disconnect the interior power connections Remove the power-supply unit from the system Install Motherboard Motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are: * The microprocessor * (Optionally) coprocessors * Memory * Basic input/output system (BIOS) * Expansion slot * Interconnecting circuitry -Motherboard is the basic component of the PC system. -Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. A motherboard, known as the central or primary circuit board makes up a complex electronic system such as a computer. -The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. -The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. Install the System Board (Motherboard) Verify the whole pattern alignment for the new system board and insert it into the system unit chassis. Install the grounding screws that hold the system board to the brass standoffs in the chassis floor. Reconnect all the cables to the system board (such as Power Connections Front-Panel Connections and Disk-Drive Connections.) Install the option adapter cards in the appropriate expansion-slot connectors (remove slot covers from the back panel of the chassis to accommodate any new cards.) Replace the system units outer cover or side panels. Reconnect all external I/O systems. Start up the system and reconfigure any CMOS Settings required to return the system to its original performance settings. And Then Installing Microprocessors Installing the Memory Modules Installing Support ICs Central Processing Unit (CPU) -The Main Component of a personal computer. -It contains the major structures that make up a computer system. -It performs mathematical and logical computations at incredible speeds. -It is also the brain of the computer. -And install the CPU. Memory -There are (2) types of memories. They are: RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read-only Memory RAM Random Access Memory -It is quick enough to operate directly with the microprocessor. -It can be read from and written to as often as desired. -It is a volatile type of memory. -Its Contents disappear when power is removed from the memory. ROM Read-only Memory -It contains the computers permanent startup programs. -It is non-volatile type of memory. -Its contents remain with or without power being applied. Cache Memory -It is one type of memories. -It performs to use the Data quickly. -An area of special high-speed RAM reserved for improving system performance by holding information that the microprocessor is likely to use. Then, -Install the Power Supply and Install the Video/Monitor Systems. -Install Storage Devices such as Hard-Disk Drive Installation, CD-ROM/DVD Devices Installation and so on -Install Adapter Card-Basic Peripherals (E.g. Installation of the Sound Cards.) -Install Wireless LAN components As a result, -We should need to use modernized computers for the nowadays software. -We should know what is a Motherboard? We should know the Software lists and Hardware Lists. -We should know how to remove or install system Boards steps by steps. Task (4) Installing the windows -Install the windows steps by steps with Installer CD. -As an example, Ill show the installation of the windows XP. Installation of the windows applications Install the Open Office 3.1 -Install the Open Office 3.1 steps by steps. -Ill show with my download pictures. Install A Free Antivirus (AVG) Installation of a Free Antivirus (AVG) is as follow: Installing The Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Mozilla Firefox 3.5 need to install following steps Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 with the following steps. Installing the Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Ill show Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 with my print screen photos. Network Installation -Network installation starts with clipping the network cables. -Then, the clipped cables plugged to the main computer. -For internet, we need to connect with internet modem or wireless router. -For work, we need to distribute with work stations (network sharing computers). -And then, we should install the scanner and network printer. Installation of the network printers A network printer installation allows multiple users and computer to share a single printer, and then having numerous personal printers throughout the home or office. When we install a network printer, make sure it is located in a centralized place so that all users can access it conveniently. Then install the software on each machine. -We may find that newer versions of Windows may already have the necessary drivers installed. Installation of a printer is following steps. Task (5) Common Printer Problems A printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form. -A printer should have some paper to copy for ready. -Printer needs a officer or a worker to do its processings. -As an electronic device, a printer can use when the electric is powered up. 5 Essentials utilities Using the Device Manager -The Device Manager utility is basically an easy-to-use interface for the Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -We can use the Device Manager utility to manually isolate hardware and configuration conflicts. -In this utility, the presence of plus (+) and minus (-) signs in the nodes of the devices indicates expandable and collapsible information branches at those nodes. -An exclamation point (!) inside a yellow circle whenever a device is experiencing a direct hardware conflict with another device in this utility. -Similarly, a red X appears beside a devices icon when the device has been disabled due to a user-selection conflict. System Editors -The Windows operating systems contain three important editors:System Editor (SysEdit), the Registry Editor (RegEdit and RegEtd32), and the Policy Editor (PolEdit).Windows 2000 also includes a very powerful Group Policy Editor (GPE). -Later versions of MS-DOS contained a small text editor program (EDIT.COM) that enabled users to easily modify text files. -We can start this utility by typing the EDIT command along with the filename at the command prompt. -The editor is particularly useful in modifying the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. -The MS-DOS Editor is an unformatted text file editor. -To start the SysEdit function, select the Run option form the Start menu. Windows Task Manager -This utility can be used to determine which applications in the system are running or stopped, as well as which resources are being used. -We can also determine what the general microprocessor and memory usage level are. -We can access the Windows 2000/XP Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or Ctrl+Shift+Esc or we can aso access the Task manager from the pop-up context menu. Ctrl+Shift+Esc key sequence moves directly into Task Manager ,whereas the Ctrl+Alt+Del selection opens the Windows Security menu screen, which offer Task Manager as an option. -To use this utility, select the application from the Applications tab and click the End Task button. If prompted, click the End Task button again to confirm the selection. -The processes tab provides information that can be helpful in tracking down problems associated with slow system operation. -The performance tab provides a graphical summary of the systems CPU and memory usage. Disk Cleanup -Another disk-management tool available in Windows operating systems is the Disk Cleanup utility. -This utility can be used to remove certain types of normally disposable files and optional components from the system to clear additional disk space. -We can access the Disk Cleanup utility through the System Tools entry by selecting Start, Programs, and Accessories. -When it is activated, the Disk Cleanup utility calculates the amount of space that can be regained by emptying the Recycle Bin. -It also examines the space saved by removing downloaded files, temporary files and temporary Internet files. Backup -Backup utilities enable the user to quickly create extended copies of files, groups of files, or an entire disk drive. -The backup and Restore functions can be used to back up and retrieve one or more files to another disk because a backup of related files is typically much larger than a single floppy disk , backup programs normally allow information to be backed up to a series of disks; they also provide file-compression techniques to reduce the size of the files stored on the disks. -It is impossible to read or use the compressed backup files in this format. To be usable, the files must be decompressed (expanded) and restored to the DOS file format. -The Microsoft Backup and Restore disk-management utility is found in both Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -It is not automatically installed when Windows is set up. If the user decides to install this feature, the actual Backup file (Backup.exe) is placed in the C:Program_FilesAccessories directory. -Windows also creates a shortcut icon for the Backup utility in the C:WindowsStart MenuProgramsAccessoriesSystem Tools directory. Task (6) The Operating System Here is the fundamental of Operating System: -The Operating System also called OS is for creating the link between the material resources, the user and the applications (word processor, video, game, etc) -It does not need to send specific information to the peripheral device but it simply sends the information to the operating system. The Operating System also conveys it to the relevant peripheral via its driver. To Benefits the Operating System -To benefits the operating system, we should correctly the roles of the operating system. -Roles of the Operating System Management of the Processor Management of the RAM Management of Input/output Management of execution and application Management of authorizations Files management Information management Pros and cons of Wireless Internet connectivity Not all Windows XP computers with Wi-Fi wireless support are capable of automatic wireless configuration. To verify your Windows XP computer supports this feature, you must access its Wireless Network Connection properties. -It is more comfortable to use than other Internet Access like ADSL, MPT etc -The Lap-tops are easily to connect the Internet with wireless access. -Wireless is very necessary for each company or office. Common boot sequence Error codes, their interpretation and correction The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. -This will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS, etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. The BIOS performs the power-on self test (POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert. -The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will generally display a text error message on the screen if it encounters an error at this point; these error messages and their explanations can be found in this part of the Troubleshooting Expert.